Manganese(ii) phosphate nanosheet assembly with native out-of-plane Mn centres for electrocatalytic water oxidation

Abstract

Nature selects Mn-clusters as catalysts for water oxidation, which is a significant reaction in photosynthesis.

Stable Potential Windows for Long‐Term Electrocatalysis by Manganese Oxides Under Acidic Conditions

“…Extensive research has been carried out to develop 3d‐transition‐metal‐based OER catalysts for multiple working conditions over a broad pH range –. However, a wealth of experimental studies demonstrate that oxides based on abundant metals (Fe, Co, Ni, or Mn) are unstable due to their dissolution in acidic media .…”

Design and operando/in situ characterization of precious‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting

“…113,114 Various metal phosphates such as cobalt phosphate (Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 ), Co: Pi/CoO x /CP, and manganese phosphate nanosheets have been fabricated as OER catalysts with excellent catalytic performance and stability. 43,115,116 To further boost the catalytic activity, iron-doped nickel phosphate (Ni: Pi-Fe) and heterogenous NiFe/NiFe: Pi catalysts with significantly improved surface wettability and enhanced charge and mass transfer have been fabricated. 44,117 In comparison with metal phosphides, metal phosphates are relatively stable, especially under harsh OER environment.…”

“…43 However, as evidenced by some reports, metal phosphates also experience structural reconstruction during the water splitting process. 115,116 Menezes et al reported the complete transformation of crystalline Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 into porous amorphous CoO x (OH) phase during both electrochemical OER and HER, which was proposed to be the real active phases. 115 Additionally, metal phosphates can also be used as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting.…”

“…Previous studies indicate that phosphates group can facilitate the oxidation of metal atoms and act as proton acceptors to make the catalysts more favorable for water adsorption and oxidation 113,114 . Various metal phosphates such as cobalt phosphate (Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 ), Co: Pi/CoO x /CP, and manganese phosphate nanosheets have been fabricated as OER catalysts with excellent catalytic performance and stability 43,115,116 . To further boost the catalytic activity, iron‐doped nickel phosphate (Ni: Pi‐Fe) and heterogenous NiFe/NiFe: Pi catalysts with significantly improved surface wettability and enhanced charge and mass transfer have been fabricated 44,117 .…”

“…For example, Wang et al demonstrated the stable structure of Co: Pi/CoO x /CP with the increasing of anodic potential 43 . However, as evidenced by some reports, metal phosphates also experience structural reconstruction during the water splitting process 115,116 . Menezes et al reported the complete transformation of crystalline Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 into porous amorphous CoO x (OH) phase during both electrochemical OER and HER, which was proposed to be the real active phases 115 .…”