Manggaraian People's Perspective on Migration: A Study of Popular Manggaraian Songs' Lyrics

Abstract

Migration is one of important issues in the Manggaraians' life. Their migration from Manggarai to various regions in Indonesia has made subtantial impacts on Manggaraian society. Over a long period of time, they have transformed from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This socioeconomic shift has become one of recurrent themes in Manggaraian popular songs. Two of the songs featuring this theme are “Lelak Loce Renda” written by Felix Edon and “Hemong Beo” written by Yasintus S.A. Jaar. Two questions that the present study intends to answer are, what factors encourage Manggaraian people to migrate out of their home region according to the lyrics of the abovementioned two songs? and how do they perceive migration as part of their socioculturalral realities? The answers to these questions are developed using a sociocultural perspective based on a theoretical concept posited by Everett E.Lee named pull and push factors. The study has led to the conclusion that the factors that has motivated the Manggaraians to migrate out of their home region thus far can be grouped into "push" factors and "pull" factors. The greatest push factor is found in a Manggaraian cultural value called goet-goet because of which they see migrating for better future is a respectable decision. The greatest pull factor is the expectation that the places to which they want to migrate offer more economic opportunities than those available in their hometown or home villages.

Manggarai Folklore: Challenges of Transmission and Preservation in the Digital Era

“…Even so, several things are of concern in transmitting Manggarai culture; among others, there is a possibility that this folklore cannot be passed on to the next generation if more and more parents do not know the folklore. In addition, the rapid migration out of Manggarai [17] [18] [19] can cause the inheritance of Manggarai culture, especially its folklore, to not last.…”

Respons Gereja Terhadap Persoalan Feminisasi Migrasi Dalam Perspektif Teologi Publik

“…Dalam skala yang lebih kecil untuk konteks masyarakat Manggarai, faktor pendorong orang bermigrasi didasari oleh pandangan bahwa migrasi adalah jalan yang dapat ditempuh untuk meraih masa depan yang lebih baik. Sementara faktor penarik orang bermigrasi ialah harapan bahwa peluang ekonomi di wilayah tujuan migrasi lebih menjanjikan ketimbang di kampung halaman sendiri (Yuliantari et al, 2020). Dalam catatan Sinode III (2013-2015) Keuskupan Ruteng, masalah yang muncul berhubungan dengan migrasi di antaranya ialah distorsi sosial (penyimpangan sosial) dan disintegrasi keluarga.…”

Sopi in Manggaraian Society: A Gastronomic Studies of Manggaraian Popular Songs

“…Research on Manggaraian culture that features popular songs has been widely carried out. There has been much research on the representation of migration and its impact on residents inside and outside the area of origin in Manggaraian popular songs (Yuliantari, Lon, & Widyawati, 2020;Yuliantari, 2020), the representation of gender and Manggaraian identity in various Manggaraian popular music genres (Yuliantari, 2018;Yuliantari, 2019a;Yuliantari, 2019b), the role of the Catholic church in the liturgical development of Manggaraian music and representation of social and literary issues in Manggarai (Erb, 1997;Toda, 1999;Su et al, 2016;Verheijen, 2006;Yuliantari & Gadur, 2021;Yuliantari, 2021), among others. So far, there has not been any research into Manggaraian popular songs that explore how they express the cultural meanings of one of the most familiar traditional drinks in Manggarai, sopi.…”