Mangrove wetland productivity and carbon stocks in an arid zone of the Gulf of California (La Paz Bay, Mexico)

Ochoa-Gómez, Jonathan; Lluch‐Cota, Salvador E.; Rivera‐Monroy, Victor H.; Lluch‐Cota, Daniel B.; Troyo‐Diéguez, Enrique; Oechel, Walter C.; Servière‐Zaragoza, Elisa

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.059

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…the C org reserves of several ecosystems have been quantified and mapped (Caamal-Sosa et al, 2011;Adame et al, 2013;Ramírez-Ramírez, Medina-Gómez & Herrera-Silveira, 2015;Adame & Fry, 2016;Ezcurra et al, 2016;Kauffman et al, 2016;Medina-Gómez et al, 2016;Cinco-Castro et al, 2017;Ochoa-Gómez et al, 2019). In this systematic review, we checked more than 150 reports with data related to blue carbon stocks and fluxes in Mexico (Fig.…”

Section: Period (Decade) Mangroves Extension (Ha) Seagrass Extension mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

Herrera-Silveira

Pech-Cardenas

Morales-Ojeda

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Mexico has more than 750,000 ha of mangroves and more than 400,000 ha of seagrasses. However, approximately 200,000 ha of mangroves and an unknown area of seagrass have been lost due to coastal development associated with urban, industrial and tourist purposes. In 2018, the approved reforms to the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) aligned the Mexican law with the international objectives established in the 2nd Article of the Paris Agreement. This action proves Mexico’s commitment to contributing to the global target of stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions concentration in the planet. Thus, restoring and conserving mangrove and seagrass habitats could contribute to fulfilling this commitment. Therefore, as a first step in establishing a mitigation and adaptation plan against climate change with respect to conservation and restoration actions of these ecosystems, we evaluated Mexican blue carbon ecosystems through a systematic review of the carbon stock using the standardized method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the data from 126 eligible studies for both ecosystems (n = 1220). The results indicated that information is missing at the regional level. However, the average above and below ground organic carbon stocks from mangroves in Mexico is 113.6 ± 5.5 (95% CI [99.3–118.4]) Mg Corg ha−1 and 385.1 ± 22 (95% CI [344.5–431.9]) Mg Corg ha−1, respectively. The variability in the Corg stocks for both blue carbon ecosystems in Mexico is related to variations in climate, hydrology and geomorphology observed along the country’s coasts in addition to the size and number of plots evaluated with respect to the spatial cover. The highest values for mangroves were related to humid climate conditions, although in the case of seagrasses, they were related to low levels of hydrodynamic stress. Based on the official extent of mangrove and seagrass area in Mexico, we estimate a total carbon stock of 237.7 Tg Corg from mangroves and 48.1 Tg Corg from seagrasses. However, mangroves and seagrasses are still being lost due to land use change despite Mexican laws meant to incorporate environmental compensation. Such losses are largely due to loopholes in the legal framework that dilute the laws’ effectiveness and thus ability to protect the ecosystem. The estimated emissions from land use change under a conservative approach in mangroves of Mexico were approximately 24 Tg CO2e in the last 20 years. Therefore, the incorporation of blue carbon into the carbon market as a viable source of supplemental finance for mangrove and seagrass protection is an attractive win-win opportunity.

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Section: Period (Decade) Mangroves Extension (Ha) Seagrass Extension mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

Herrera-Silveira

Pech-Cardenas

Morales-Ojeda

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…In some peri-urban (i.e., adjacent to a city) mangrove systems (e.g., Mombasa and Kenya) extractive pressures (i.e., illegal wood extraction) are still a dominant cause for degradation (Bosire et al, 2014), while in other mangrove wetlands located next to urban areas (e.g., Puerto Rico), legal protections have reduced extractive pressures and allowed for mangrove expansion (Martinuzzi et al, 2009). Now, in the Anthropocene Epoch, with its associated stressors such as global climate change, it is more important than ever to examine the effects of local urbanization on C sequestration in coastal mangroves (Bosire et al, 2014;Ochoa-Gómez et al, 2019). The global trends in peri-urban mangrove forests show nitrogen (N) enrichment due to human watershed activities and significantly lower C to N ratios in mangrove biomass (Branoff, 2017(Branoff, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Carbon Storage and Burial Exceed Historic Rates in the San Juan Bay Estuary Peri-Urban Mangrove Forests (Puerto Rico, United States)

Wigand¹,

Eagle²,

Branoff³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Mangroves sequester significant quantities of organic carbon (C) because of high rates of burial in the soil and storage in biomass. We estimated mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates in aboveground and belowground components among five sites along an urbanization gradient in the San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico. Sites included the highly urbanized and clogged Caño Martin Peña in the western half of the estuary, a series of lagoons in the center of the estuary, and a tropical forest reserve (Piñones) in the easternmost part. Radiometrically dated cores were used to determine sediment accretion and soil C storage and burial rates. Measurements of tree dendrometers coupled with allometric equations were used to estimate aboveground biomass. Estuary-wide mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates were estimated using interpolation methods and coastal vegetation cover data. In recent decades (1970–2016), the highly urbanized Martin Peña East (MPE) site with low flushing had the highest C storage and burial rates among sites. The MPE soil carbon burial rate was over twice as great as global estimates. Mangrove forest C burial rates in recent decades were significantly greater than historic decades (1930–1970) at Caño Martin Peña and Piñones. Although MPE and Piñones had similarly low flushing, the landscape settings (clogged canal vs forest reserve) and urbanization (high vs low) were different. Apparently, not only urbanization, but site-specific flushing patterns, landscape setting, and soil fertility affected soil C storage and burial rates. There was no difference in C burial rates between historic and recent decades at the San José and La Torrecilla lagoons. Mangrove forests had soil C burial rates ranging from 88 g m–2 y–1 at the San José lagoon to 469 g m–2 y–1 at the MPE in recent decades. Watershed anthropogenic CO2 emissions (1.56 million Mg C y–1) far exceeded the annual mangrove forest C storage rates (aboveground biomass plus soils: 17,713 Mg C y–1). A combination of maintaining healthy mangrove forests and reducing anthropogenic emissions might be necessary to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in urban, tropical areas.

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“…Due to the harsh field conditions of mangrove forests, investigation using the traditional plot method is time-consuming. Thus, assessments of below-ground mangrove soil and ecosystem carbon stocks are generally limited to small-scale regions [ 71 , 76 , 81 , 101 ]. Most studies relied on the data from literature or combined models to assess the ecosystem carbon stock [ 9 , 33 , 39 , 59 , 70 , 87 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between above- and below-ground carbon stocks in mangrove forests facilitate better estimation of total mangrove blue carbon

Bai

Gou

Cui

et al. 2021

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Although great efforts have been made to quantify mangrove carbon stocks, accurate estimations of below-ground carbon stocks remain unreliable. In this study, we examined the distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks in China and other countries using our own field survey data and datasets from published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the possible relationships between above-ground carbon stock (AGC) and below-ground carbon stock (BGC) for mangrove forests, aiming to provide a scientific basis for estimation of total mangrove carbon stocks. Results The average above-ground carbon stock in each region was sizeable (ranging from 12.0 to 150.2 Mg/ha), but average below-ground carbon stock was dominant (ranging from 46.6 to 388.6 Mg/ha), accounting for 69–91% of total carbon stock at the sites studied in China. Significant positive relationships were found between above-ground and below-ground mangrove carbon stocks, with the best fitting equation as BGC = 1.58 * AGC + 81.06 (Mg/ha, R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01, n = 122) for China. Such linear relationships vary for mangrove forests of different types and locations, from different geographical regions in China to other countries worldwide. Conclusion The positive relationship we found between above- and below-ground carbon stocks of mangrove forests in China and worldwide can facilitate more accurate assessments of mangrove blue carbon stocks at regional or global scales using modern techniques including remote sensing.

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Mangrove wetland productivity and carbon stocks in an arid zone of the Gulf of California (La Paz Bay, Mexico)

Cited by 45 publications

References 75 publications

Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

Recent Carbon Storage and Burial Exceed Historic Rates in the San Juan Bay Estuary Peri-Urban Mangrove Forests (Puerto Rico, United States)

Relationships between above- and below-ground carbon stocks in mangrove forests facilitate better estimation of total mangrove blue carbon

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