Mangrove Wetlands

Twilley, Robert R.; Day, John W.

doi:10.1002/9781118412787.ch7

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…L. racemosa has a much thicker spongy parenchyma in all leaf stages, when compared to co-ocurring species. Although considered a shade intolerant species (Twilley & Day Jr, 2013), studies show that it can be shade tolerant in early stages of growth. A. schaueriana cotyledons showed a homogeneous mesophyll, which is characteristic of the genus Avicennia, also observed in A. marina (Bezerra et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2007), typical of reserve cotyledons, in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf morphological strategies of seedlings and saplings of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) and Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) from Southern Brazil

Pelozo

Boeger

Sereneski-de-Lima

et al. 2016

RBT

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Abstract:The initial phase of a plant life cycle is a short and critical period, when individuals are more vulnerable to environmental factors. The morphological and anatomical study of seedlings and saplings leaf type enables the understanding of species strategies of fundamental importance in their establishment and survival. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure of seedlings and saplings leaf types of three mangrove species, Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, Rhizophora mangle, to understand their early life adaptive strategies to the environment. A total of 30 fully expanded cotyledons (A. schaueriana and L. racemosa), 30 leaves of seedlings, and 30 leaves of saplings of each species were collected from a mangrove area in Guaratuba Bay, Paraná State, Brazil. Following standard methods, samples were prepared for morphological (leaf dry mass, density, thickness) and anatomical analysis (epidermis and sub-epidermal layers, stomata types, density of salt secretion glands, palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness). To compare leaf types among species one-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis were used, while Cluster Analysis evaluated differences between the species. We observed significant structural differences among species leaf types. A. schaueriana showed the thickest cotyledons, while L. racemosa presented a dorsiventral structure. Higher values of the specific leaf area were observed for seedlings leaves of A. schaueriana, cotyledons of L. racemosa and saplings leaves of A. schaueriana and R. mangle. Leaf density was similar to cotyledons and seedlings leaves in A. schaueriana and L. racemosa, while R. mangle had seedlings leaves denser than saplings. A. schaueriana and R. mangle showed hypostomatic leaves, while L. racemosa amphistomatic; besides, A. chaueriana showed diacytic stomata, while L. racemosa anomocytic, and R. mangle ciclocytic. Seedling leaves were thicker in R. mangle (535 µm) and L. racemosa (520 µm) than in A. schaueriana (470.3 µm); while saplings leaves were thicker in L. racemosa

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf morphological strategies of seedlings and saplings of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) and Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) from Southern Brazil

Pelozo

Boeger

Sereneski-de-Lima

et al. 2016

RBT

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“…Mangrove forests have an extended tropical and subtropical geographic distribution during the last 40 My [3,4]. They are also among the most biologically productive forests and provide key ecosystem services such as breeding grounds for fish, shrimp, and birds and function to protect coasts from tidal surges during hurricanes or extreme weather [5,6]. However, mangrove forests are being destroyed and fragmented at alarmingly high rates in the tropics due to human development [7-10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama

et al. 2012

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BackgroundMangroves are ecologically important and highly threatened forest communities. Observational and genetic evidence has confirmed the long distance dispersal capacity of water-dispersed mangrove seeds, but less is known about the relative importance of pollen vs. seed gene flow in connecting populations. We analyzed 980 Avicennia germinans for 11 microsatellite loci and 940 Rhizophora mangle for six microsatellite loci and subsampled two non-coding cpDNA regions in order to understand population structure, and gene flow within and among four major estuaries on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama.ResultsBoth species showed similar rates of outcrossing (t= 0.7 in A. germinans and 0.8 in R. mangle) and strong patterns of spatial genetic structure within estuaries, although A. germinans had greater genetic structure in nuclear and cpDNA markers (7 demes > 4 demes and Sp= 0.02 > 0.002), and much greater cpDNA diversity (Hd= 0.8 > 0.2) than R. mangle. The Central American Isthmus serves as an exceptionally strong barrier to gene flow, with high levels nuclear (FST= 0.3-0.5) and plastid (FST= 0.5-0.8) genetic differentiation observed within each species between coasts and no shared cpDNA haplotypes between species on each coast. Finally, evidence of low ratios of pollen to seed dispersal (r = −0.6 in A. germinans and 7.7 in R. mangle), coupled with the strong observed structure in nuclear and plastid DNA among most estuaries, suggests low levels of gene flow in these mangrove species.ConclusionsWe conclude that gene dispersal in mangroves is usually limited within estuaries and that coastal geomorphology and rare long distance dispersal events could also influence levels of structure.

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“…Basal area is an indicator for measuring forest-stand development and understanding species population, biomass and productivity in response to stress factors (Twilley 1998) Further, more than 50% of basal areas and IVI were represented by Avicennia species, which showed the dominance of this species in mangroves of Kerala as already reported by various researchers (Nameer et al 1992;Suresh Kumar and Mohan Kumar 1997;Rahees et al 2014;Vijayan et al 2015;Rani et al 2016). Usually the structural development of the pioneer species of mangrove ecosystem is considered for checking the maturity of that forest and after considering the overall structural data (Pellegrini et al 2009).…”

Section: Vegetative Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and regeneration status of mangrove patches along the estuarine and coastal stretches of Kerala, India

George

Krishnan²,

Mini

et al. 2018

J. For. Res.

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Mangrove Wetlands

Cited by 49 publications

References 168 publications

Leaf morphological strategies of seedlings and saplings of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) and Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) from Southern Brazil

Leaf morphological strategies of seedlings and saplings of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) and Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) from Southern Brazil

Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama

Structure and regeneration status of mangrove patches along the estuarine and coastal stretches of Kerala, India

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