The use of ferroelectric
polarization to promote electron–hole
separation has emerged as a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic
activity. Although ferroelectric thin films with planar geometry have
been largely studied, nanostructured and porous ferroelectric thin
films have not been commonly used in photo-electrocatalysis. The inclusion
of porosity in ferroelectric thin films would enhance the surface
area and reactivity, leading to a potential improvement of the photoelectrochemical
(PEC) performance. Herein, the preparation of porous barium titanate
(pBTO) thin films by a soft template-assisted sol–gel method
is reported, and the control of porosity using different organic/inorganic
ratios is verified by the combination of scanning electron microscopy
and ellipsometry techniques. Using piezoresponse force microscopy,
the switching of ferroelectric domains in pBTO thin films is observed,
confirming that the ferroelectric polarization is still retained in
the porous structures. In addition, the presence of porosity in pBTO
thin films leads to a clear improvement of the PEC response. By electrochemical
poling, we also demonstrated the tuning of the PEC performance of
pBTO thin films
via
ferroelectric polarization. Our
work offers a simple and low-cost approach to control the morphology
optimization of ferroelectric thin films, which could open up the
development of materials with great potential for PEC applications.