Conjugated polymers are soft materials composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements, which have great application prospects in the printed electronics industry represented by flexible disp lays, logic circuits and photovoltaic panels. The change of molecular weight can directly affect the solid microstructure of conjugated polymers and then affect their photoelectric properties. In this review, the influence of molecular weight on the aggregation structure and charge transport properties of amorphous, paracrystalline and semi-crystalline conjugated polymers were described successively. Then, the relationship between molecular weight, microstructure, and performance (solar cells and thin-film transistors) is summarized. Finally, the urgent scientific problems to be solved at present and the future directions are outlined. We hope that this review on the molecular weight effects of conjugated polymers, which is an important structural parameter, to help readers to deepen their understanding of the influence mechanism of molecular weight and to further provide guidance for the regulation of the structure and properties of organic photoelectric films.