Mannose receptor may be involved in small ruminant lentivirus pathogenesis

Crespo, Helena; Jáuregui, Paula; Glaria, Idoia; Sanjosé, Leticia; Polledo, L.; García-Marín, J.F.; Luján, Lluís; Andrés, D. de; Amorena, B.; Reina, Ramsés

doi:10.1186/1297-9716-43-43

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is known that B-cell and antibodies play a role in the protection from infection in mouse.pigs and humans [20, 21]. In particular, antibodies opsonize Salmonella in the early stages of infection, hindering microorganisms to reach their intracellular niche within phagocytes [21, 22]. In pigs [23], as well as in humans [24] a humoral immune response is crucial in the early phase of life when an immune response against Salmonella is not developed yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs

Pesciaroli¹,

Gradassi²,

Martinelli³

et al. 2013

Vaccine

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Meat contamination by Salmonella spp is emerging as a major cause of human enteric infections in industrialized countries. The attempts to reduce human cases of salmonellosis encompass pre- and post harvest interventions. In this context, vaccination of pigs may represent an effective instrument in eliminating/reducing Salmonella burden through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated that Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the ZnuABC transporter (S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC) is a promising candidate live vaccine in different mouse models of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. In this study, we confirmed in pigs the attenuation of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC. Moreover, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC administered to pigs by the oral route. We monitored clinical conditions of animals and we conducted a microbiological culture and a quantification of the humoral and cellular immune response, respectively, on faecal and blood samples of pigs. After vaccination with attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC, pigs showed a modest degree of hyperthermia. In addition, faecal shedding of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could not be detected 28 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, vaccination with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC elicited a distinct production of anti-Salmonella antibodies and IFN-γ. Taken together, these results suggest that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Although the vaccine dosages do not guarantee complete safety there is ample margin to set up better conditions of use, suggesting that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could be a promising attenuated strain to be used as live mucosal vaccine for oral delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs

Pesciaroli¹,

Gradassi²,

Martinelli³

et al. 2013

Vaccine

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“…Accordingly, three cell phenotypes have been proposed in small ruminants regarding the expression and usage of MR as SRLV receptor: cells using this molecule as the main receptor (synovial membrane cells), cells having this and at least another main SRLV receptor(s) (macrophages) and cells lacking MR and using other SRLV receptor(s) instead (skin fibroblasts) [173]. Interestingly, the presence of this receptor has been associated with the evolution of disease, as its expression increases in target organs exhibiting the most severe lesions in SRLV clinical infections [174]. …”

Section: Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses: Genetic Variability, Tropism and Diagnosis

Ramírez

Reina

Amorena

et al. 2013

Viruses

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126

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) cause a multisystemic chronic disease affecting animal production and welfare. SRLV infections are spread across the world with the exception of Iceland. Success in controlling SRLV spread depends largely on the use of appropriate diagnostic tools, but the existence of a high genetic/antigenic variability among these viruses, the fluctuant levels of antibody against them and the low viral loads found in infected individuals hamper the diagnostic efficacy. SRLV have a marked in vivo tropism towards the monocyte/macrophage lineage and attempts have been made to identify the genome regions involved in tropism, with two main candidates, the LTR and env gene, since LTR contains primer binding sites for viral replication and the env-encoded protein (SU ENV), which mediates the binding of the virus to the host’s cell and has hypervariable regions to escape the humoral immune response. Once inside the host cell, innate immunity may interfere with SRLV replication, but the virus develops counteraction mechanisms to escape, multiply and survive, creating a quasi-species and undergoing compartmentalization events. So far, the mechanisms of organ tropism involved in the development of different disease forms (neurological, arthritic, pulmonary and mammary) are unknown, but different alternatives are proposed. This is an overview of the current state of knowledge on SRLV genetic variability and its implications in tropism as well as in the development of alternative diagnostic assays.

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“…Afterwards, these immune cells capture antigen, devour diseased blood cells by participating in receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis, and play an important biological effects in the maintenance of homeostasis and the body's innate immunity and adaptive immune defense process. [8][9][10][11] In our study, dendritic cell (DC) did not express Fcγ R II in AP-type HI, but highly expressed MR and HLA-DR. At the same time, anti-human IgG immunofluorescence stain also manifested that DC adhered and captured abnormal blood cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Mechanisms of Immune Injury and Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Cells Island in Patients with Auto-Immuno-Related Hematocytopenia

Sun

Han

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry

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Because of environmental pollution more and more people are suffered with auto-immuno-related hematocytopenia (AIRH). Serum IL-12, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels were detected by ELISA and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Peroxidase (POX) and HLA-DR of immune cells were detected by cytochemical and immunochemical staining. Cells expressing anti-human IgG, FcγR II, MR, and other molecules in HI were detected by immunofluorescence. Serum IL-12, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels of patients were significantly higher than control group. Lymphocyte subsets of patients showed that the percentages of CD19+ B cells and CD3+ CD8+ T cell in peripheral blood were both significantly elevated. HI were mainly classified into three types, in these three types of hematopoietic cells island, peroxidase, and HLA-DR expression varied. Hematopoietic cells with pathological changes expressed anti-human IgG. The immunocytes with different levels of immunomolecules adhered captured and devoured abnormal hematopoietic cells. Immune cells expressed IL-12, IL-17A, and IL-17RA, leading to inflammatory injury of hematopoietic cells. HI destroys cells which connect auto-antibodies. Immune cells in HI express a variety of immune molecules, promote cell immune responses, and amplify the inflammatory reaction by ADCC effect or phagocytosis. These ultimately destruct directly and damage indirectly hematopoietic cells.

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Mannose receptor may be involved in small ruminant lentivirus pathogenesis

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs

Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses: Genetic Variability, Tropism and Diagnosis

Mechanisms of Immune Injury and Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Cells Island in Patients with Auto-Immuno-Related Hematocytopenia

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