Mantle chambers and water circulation in the Tridacnidae (Mollusca).

Yonge, C. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1953.tb00187.x

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In concordance with Yonge's (1953) observation of Tridacna crocea, the exhalant siphon can expel considerable quantities of water, and this may be able to disorientate predators. The ability to orientate their siphon towards a threat (Stasek 1965) would improve the chances of a jet being on target.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Even though there are various anecdotal accounts of giant clams squirting water from their siphons (e.g. Yonge 1953;Stasek 1965;Fankboner 1981; see previous paragraph), this action has yet to be investigated experimentally. Furthermore, there have been no published reports of squirting by fluted giant clams (T. squamosa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Water squirting by giant clams was first documented in the early 1930s (Yonge 1936). Whereas other lamellibranchs can only expel water from their inhalant openings, giant clams can also squirt through their exhalant siphon (Yonge 1953). The forces involved appear to be quite strong (Mansour 1946;Stasek 1965); for instance, Yonge (1953, pp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Quantification of water squirting by juvenile fluted giant clams (Tridacna squamosa L.)

Neo

Todd

2010

J Ethol

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The giant clam species Tridacna crocea, T. deresa, T. gigas, T. maxima and Hippopus hippopus are known to exhibit squirting behaviour, ejecting a stream of water either from their exhalant or inhalant siphon. Here, for the first time, squirting in juvenile fluted giant clams, T. squamosa, was measured. By analysing stills from video recordings it was possible to determine the horizontal and vertical distances travelled by each squirt above the water line, the cross-sectional area of the water jet, and the angle of squirt perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the giant clam. The weight of each ''aerial squirt'' was measured by collecting the displaced water. Using these parameters, the initial velocity, force and pressure exerted by each squirt on an object was calculated. Strong positive correlations were observed between shell length and weight of seawater and force exerted by aerial squirts. We also modelled the pressures that would be experienced by underwater targets. The simulated ''underwater squirts'' indicate the pressure produced rapidly decreases with distance from the clam.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Quantification of water squirting by juvenile fluted giant clams (Tridacna squamosa L.)

Neo

Todd

2010

J Ethol

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“…When fully expanded (in Tridacna spp. not Hippopus) the shell margins are entirely obscured by the scalloped, usually brilliantly coloured, siphonal tissues (Yonge, 1936(Yonge, , 1953. The elongated, slit-like inhalant aperture remains at the posterior end but the exhalant aperture, situated at the end of a tubular extension, has been carried to the middle of the upper surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the utilization of photosynthetic products from zooxanthellae and of a dissolved amino acid in Tridacna maxima f. elongata (Mollusca: Bivalvia)*

Goreau

Yonge

1973

Journal of Zoology

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“…Though initially believing that boring in T . crocea was mechanical (Yonge, 1936(Yonge, , 1953, it has subsequently been shown to be largely chemical, reflected middle mantle folds around the pedal gape probably producing a calcium carbonate chelating agent to soften the coral skeleton which mechanical action of the valves subsequently erodes (Yonge, 1980). Similarly, Morton (19844 has suggested that boring in Cluvagella australis, hitherto regarded as a mechanical borer (Soliman, 1971), is principally chemical, again from pallial glands discharging via the pedal gape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and functional morphology of the coral‐boring Jouannetia cumingii (Bivalvia: Pholadacea)

Morton

1986

Journal of Zoology

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The coral‐boring bivalve Jouannetia cumingii (Pholadacea) has been investigated from Phuket, Thailand. It only bores dead heads of Porites lutea and the siphons open, not on to the general coral surface, but into galleries created by other borers and inhabited by cryptobion. The bivalve may thus have a relationship not with the coral, except as a substratum, but with these other gallery occupants. The juvenile shell is anteroposteriorly reduced, the anterior face represented only by dorsally reflected shields between which extends the anterior adductor muscle. A considerable area of the anterior mantle is thus exposed to the burrow heading and there is a small pedal gape through which can be extended a large foot. This is absent, however, in the adult. The large posterior adductor is located between shell buttresses, one on the posterior face of each valve to reduce shear. Also attached here are small posterior pedal retractors. Anterior retractors are located on condyles projecting downwards from the hinge plate which is sunken and covered by the umbones and reflected anterior shell shields. The ligament is small, inequilateral, and covered by periostracum. A normal complement of mantle cavity organs is present but is reduced and posteroventrally‐anterodorsally aligned. Gill ciliation is of type C(1) and the labial palps are large. Mechanical boring, despite anterior shell teeth, is impossible and a chemical boring process is proposed from a large gland located internal to, and discharging via, the pedal gape. Secretion cannot be from the outer surface of the exposed mantle as this, because of extensive mantle fusion, is covered by periostracum. In the adult, a callum is formed over the exposed anterior regions of the mantle. Callum formation and sexual maturity occur over a wide size range and is related, as in other pholads, to an inability to bore further. The callum is not an extension of the true shell and is thought to be secreted from pallial glands located on the internal surface of the mantle and discharging via the pedal gape. As with boring, secretion cannot be from the exposed general mantle surface. The callum of the left valve is much larger and external to that of the right. Left callum formation must take place first, against the heading of the boring. Right callum formation must take place subsequently, largely against the left. Dorsally, the callum covers the anterior shields and all areas of exposed mantle. The unequal callum is a consequence of the mode of shell adduction in which the valves rock about dorsal and ventral fulcra: an equal callum would not permit this, the unequal form does, the right callum sliding beneath that of the left. Adult J. cumingii are almost perfectly spherical except for a spiked siphonoplax developed on the posterior face of the right valve only, by enhanced growth of shell lamellae. The spherical shell form in Jouannetia may be a consequence of this animal's more intimate association with the coral community which, in providing protection, obviates the need for d...

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Mantle chambers and water circulation in the Tridacnidae (Mollusca).

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Quantification of water squirting by juvenile fluted giant clams (Tridacna squamosa L.)

Quantification of water squirting by juvenile fluted giant clams (Tridacna squamosa L.)

On the utilization of photosynthetic products from zooxanthellae and of a dissolved amino acid in Tridacna maxima f. elongata (Mollusca: Bivalvia)*

The biology and functional morphology of the coral‐boring Jouannetia cumingii (Bivalvia: Pholadacea)

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