On the utilization of photosynthetic products from zooxanthellae and of a dissolved amino acid in Tridacna maxima f. elongata (Mollusca: Bivalvia)*

Goreau, Thomas F.; Goreau, Nora I.; Yonge, C. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb03121.x

Cited by 59 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Such cryptic life habits are typical for these taxa (HadWeld 1976;Morton 1983;Zuschin and Oliver 2003a). In contrast, the zooxanthellate bivalve T. maxima is light-dependent (Goreau et al 1973) and was therefore found on the upper valve of Hyotissa. BaZers, Wnally, are only of very subordinate importance and include softbodied octocorals (Sarcophyton sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Large gryphaeid oysters as habitats for numerous sclerobionts: a case study from the northern Red Sea

Zuschin

Baal

2007

Facies

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The shell of a living specimen of the IndoPaciWc gryphaeid giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis was colonized by numerous encrusting, boring, nestling and baZing taxa which show characteristic distribution patterns. On the upper valve, sponge-induced bioerosion predominates. On the lower valve intergrowth of chamid bivalves and thick encrusting associations-consisting mostly of squamariacean and corallinacean red algae, acervulinid foraminifera, and scleractinian corals-provides numerous microhabitats for nestling arcid and mytilid bivalves as well as for encrusting bryozoans and serpulids. Such diVerences between exposed and cryptic surfaces are typical for many marine hard substrata and result from the long-term stable position of the oyster on the seaXoor. The cryptic habitats support a species assemblage of crustose algae and foraminifera that, on exposed surfaces, would occur in much deeper water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Large gryphaeid oysters as habitats for numerous sclerobionts: a case study from the northern Red Sea

Zuschin

Baal

2007

Facies

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“…The mantle The exposed siphonal tissues house innumerable zooxanthellae (Yonge, 1936(Yonge, , 1953Mansour, 1945Mansour, , 1946Kawaguti, 1966;Fankboner, 1971 ;Goreau, Goreau & Yonge, 1973).…”

Section: Results the Diurnal Rhythm Of Activity And Inactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fankboner (1971) considered that this could not be "farming" but rather the systematic removal, intra-cellular digestion and utilization of degenerate zooxanthellae. Goreau, Goreau & Yonge (1973) suggested that the Tridacnidae obtain greatest benefits form the photosynthates of their zooxanthellae though some energy is derived from digestion of old algal cells.…”

Section: 387mentioning

confidence: 99%

The diurnal rhythm and the processes of feeding and digestion in Tridacna crocea (BivaMa: Tridacnidae)

Morton

1978

Journal of Zoology

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Tridacna crocea Lamarck 1819 possesses a diurnal rhythm of activity. During the daylight hours the hypertrophied siphonal tissues, containing zooxanthellae, are expanded and phasic adductions occur that pump fresh sea water into and filtered water and pseudofaeces out of the mantle cavity. During the night the shell valves become more apposed, the mantle folds are withdrawn and few phasic adductions occur. Such a pattern of activity is similar to that described for other sublittoral bivalves. With this cycle of activity and inactivity is correlated the process of extra‐cellular digestion of filtered food in the stomach. This is accomplished by the alternate, but incomplete, dissolution and subsequent reformation of the crystalline style. The style partially dissolves at night and reforms during the day. The digestive diverticula undergo a sequence of cytological changes related to the intra‐cellular digestion of filtered food, again related to the cycle of night and day and thus to feeding. During the night there is a transport and intra‐cellular digestion of zooxanthellae by amoebocytes from the mantle to the haemocoel surrounding the visceral mass. During the day digested zooxanthellae are transported to the digestive diverticula where they are discharged (together with the waste products of the intra‐cellular digestion of filtered food) into the tubule lumina and thus back into the stomach to be eventually voided via the anus. Recognizable zooxanthellae are also transported to the kidney, where they are taken up by the cells of the distal limb to form cellular globular concretions; these too are probably also eventually voided. The discharge of digested zooxanthellae via the digestive diverticula has resulted in modifications to the processes of tubule breakdown and reformation involving the digestive cells only. These unique modifications are described and compared with the structural changes seen in the digestive diverticula of other bivalves. It is concluded that the unusual functioning of the digestive diverticula is a direct consequence of the utilization by Tridacna of a secondary source of food without the concomitant evolution of special organs of digestion, as for example there has been in the Teredinidae feeding on filtered food and wood. Specific comparisons are made between the Tridacnidae and the Teredinidae and suggestions are made as to how zooxanthellae came to be used as food in these unusual bivalves.

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“…maxima have been shown to take up DOM from seawater via mantle tissues (Goreau et al . ; Heslinga et al . ), and from symbiotic photosynthetic output (Klumpp & Griffiths ).…”

Section: Dissolved Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Following metamorphosis, Tr. maxima have been shown to take up DOM from seawater via mantle tissues (Goreau et al 1973;Heslinga et al 1990), and from symbiotic photosynthetic output (Klumpp & Griffiths 1994). Lucas (1994) suggested that if DOM were to exhibit much nutritional consequence, it would likely occur during larval and early post-larval stages of development when the ratio between surface area and body mass is greatest.…”

Section: Dissolved Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors relevant to pre‐veliger nutrition ofTridacnidae giant clams

Waters

Lindsay²,

Costello

2014

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Tridacnid giant clams are of commercial interest for their nutritional, economic, and ecological significance throughout the Indo‐Pacific and Oceania. A major impediment to culturing tridacnid giant clams is larval mortality, typically >96%. The effects of suspended and particulate nutrients on tridacnid veliger development have been examined, but factors relevant to the nutritional condition of oocytes and trochophore larvae are unknown. This is significant because the nutritional transition from trochophore to veliger coincides with rises in larval mortality. Our review examines culture techniques known to enhance gamete viability of several marine viable bivalves of commercial interest, and critically assesses whether such methods are applicable to tridacnids in culture conditions. Techniques for optimizing the nutritional requirements of pre‐veliger tridacnids such as broodstock conditioning by supplemental feeding, monitoring the condition of oocytes ready for release, water temperature, egg attributes such as size and biochemical composition, and nutrient loads in culture water chemistry are examined. We include suggestions for optimizing nutritional conditions from gametogenesis through embryonic development, and conclude with a primer of research opportunities based on gaps in our understanding of tridacnid pre‐veliger nutrition compared with other bivalves. A major conclusion is that culture protocols should include pre‐veliger nutritional fitness as a critical factor in enhancing larval survival, growth and development.

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On the utilization of photosynthetic products from zooxanthellae and of a dissolved amino acid in Tridacna maxima f. elongata (Mollusca: Bivalvia)*

Cited by 59 publications

References 50 publications

Large gryphaeid oysters as habitats for numerous sclerobionts: a case study from the northern Red Sea

Large gryphaeid oysters as habitats for numerous sclerobionts: a case study from the northern Red Sea

The diurnal rhythm and the processes of feeding and digestion in Tridacna crocea (BivaMa: Tridacnidae)

Factors relevant to pre‐veliger nutrition ofTridacnidae giant clams

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