Manufacture and cost of vacuum glazing

Garrison, John D.; Collins, R.E.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(95)00046-t

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These requirements have lead to the production of low-emittance coatings' (low-E) which are transparent at 300 < λ < 3,000 nm and reflecting at 3,000 < λ< 100,000 nm, and 'solar control coatings' that are transparent at 400 < λ < 700 nm and reflecting at 700<λ<3,000 nm [4,6]. A well-known use of low-E coatings is in 'vacuum glazing', which has been researched extensively during the last several years [8][9][10][11]. These consist of two of more sheets of low-E coated glass that have been separated support pillars [12], as shown in Figure 7.4 [13].…”

Section: Thin Films For Window Glazing: Static Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochromic Thin Films and Nanocomposites for Smart Glazing

Binions

2012

Intelligent Nanomaterials

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Solid-state thermochromic materials undergo semiconductor to metal transitions at a critical temperature, Γ. This chapter begins by describing the phenomenon of thermochromism, whereby the optical properties of a material change reversibly as a result of a change in temperature. The different types of thermochromism will be introduced with a focus on the thermochromism exhibited by solid-state materials. Also presented are the fundamental chemical principles that describe the electronic structure and properties of solids, and the chronological developments in the theory behind the thermochromic transitions that lead to the discovery of the semiconductor-to-metal transition. The focus is on vanadium dioxide, V0 2 , because its critical temperature is closest to room temperature, so it is a valuable material for potential application in thermochromic glazing. The possibility of fine-tuning this transition temperature involves introducing various dopants into the V0 2 lattice, which can increase or decrease Γ.Additionally, the chapter will examine the effects of dopants and the requirements of dopants to achieve the desired effect on T will be discussed. Solid-state thermochromic materials may be exploited in devices such as microelectronics, data storage, or intelligent architectural glazing, thus are required to be synthesis as thin films for use in such applications. The numerous synthetic techniques for making metal oxide thermochromic thin films will be investigated through a comparison of each synthetic method.In exploring recent research on the production of thin film, the chapter explains that micro-structural changes bought about by careful control of film growth conditions, and/or the use of surfactant, lead to an

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Section: Thin Films For Window Glazing: Static Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The rutile structure of VO z , when Τ > T c . The large dark grey circles represent V 4+ ions, and the small light grey circles are 0 2 -ions[56].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochromic Thin Films and Nanocomposites for Smart Glazing

Binions

2012

Intelligent Nanomaterials

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“…8,11 An analysis of a possible production process for vacuum glazing indicates that its manufacturing cost should be similar to that of conventional gas-filled double glazing, and significantly less than that of ''superwindows,'' of comparable performance. 12 The viability of vacuum glazing is dependent on the establishment and maintenance of a thermally insulating internal vacuum. In this context, the vacuum may be regarded as thermally insulating if the gas conductance is negligible relative to other internal thermal conductances-specifically those due to radiation and the mechanical support pillars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal outgassing of vacuum glazing

Lenzen

Turner

Collins

1999

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Vacuum glazing consists of two sheets of glass separated by a narrow evacuated space. In this article we describe investigations of the causes of thermally induced degradation of vacuum glazing. It is shown that the rate of increase of pressure within the glazing during high temperature aging is mainly determined by the diffusion of water out of near-surface regions in the glass. In addition, adsorption of water molecules onto the internal surfaces influences the temperature dependence of the pressure in a degraded glazing. A prediction is made of the likely upper limit of the thermally induced degradation of vacuum glazing, and hence its properties as a thermal insulator, for a given production schedule and under conditions representative of practical applications.

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“…Therefore, the study of vacuum insulation technology that is applied to buildings has been performed since the 1990s. A representative study of the vacuum insulation technology is the study of vacuum glazing by R. E. Collins [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In the corresponding research, pillars are used between two pieces of glasses to form a vacuum layer, and a low emissivity (low-e) film is employed to reduce the thermal emissivity, which is approximately 0.9 for glass [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Numerical Heat Transfer and the Structural Model to Design Slim and Translucent Vacuum Layer Type Insulation Panels to Retrofitting Insulation in Existing Buildings

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The authors develop slim and light-weight vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) by producing vacuum layers with spacers and plastic plates. The developed VIPs have the advantages of a low cost and easy installation, thus facilitating retrofitting insulation of existing buildings. In addition, one of the developed VIPs is slim and translucent so it can be easily used for windows in an internal installation. In this paper, the authors first propose a vacuum layer type slim translucent VIP and focus on a reasonable design method. Next, the authors introduce the design process in which the structural design is obtained with element mechanical analysis and a three-dimensional analysis is conducted for the VIP element. In the study, a heat transfer model is used to predict the insulation performance through finite element analysis (FEA). Subsequently, the authors perform an experiment to measure the thermal conductivity in a guarded hot plate apparatus to validate the performance prediction. Finally, case studies are performed to confirm how the different design conditions affect the insulation performance. The optimum design of the vacuum layer type slim and translucent VIP will have a sufficient structural strength to hold and maintain the vacuum layer. The thermal conductivity is approximately 0.007 W/(m·K), which can effectively improve the insulation performance in applications.

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Manufacture and cost of vacuum glazing

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Thermochromic Thin Films and Nanocomposites for Smart Glazing

Thermochromic Thin Films and Nanocomposites for Smart Glazing

Thermal outgassing of vacuum glazing

Development of Numerical Heat Transfer and the Structural Model to Design Slim and Translucent Vacuum Layer Type Insulation Panels to Retrofitting Insulation in Existing Buildings

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