Manufacturing and Characterization of Ti6Al4V Lattice Components Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Campanelli, Sabina Luisa; Contuzzi, Nicola; Ludovico, Antonio Domenico; Caiazzo, Fabrizia; Cardaropoli, Francesco; Sergi, Vincenzo

doi:10.3390/ma7064803

Cited by 114 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The structure is uniformly built and aligned parallel to the building direction ( Figure 14) in the 0 • orientation. The values determined for hardness correlate to values found in the literature [38,46,47]. By Song et al [13] was shown that mechanical properties depend on the processing parameters.…”

Section: Vickers Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of Single Ti6Al4V Struts Made Using Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting Subject to Part Orientation

Weißmann

Drescher

Bader

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The use of additive manufacturing technologies to produce lightweight or functional structures is widespread. Especially Ti 6 Al 4 V plays an important role in this development field and parts are manufactured and analyzed with the aim to characterize the mechanical properties of open-porous structures and to generate scaffolds with properties specific to their intended application. An SLM and an EBM process were used respectively to fabricate the Ti 6 Al 4 V single struts. For mechanical characterization, uniaxial compression tests and hardness measurements were conducted. Furthermore, the struts were manufactured in different orientations for the determination of the mechanical properties. Roughness measurements and a microscopic characterization of the struts were also carried out. Some parts were characterized following heat treatment (hot isostatic pressing). A functional correlation was found between the compressive strength and the slenderness ratio (λ) as well as the equivalent diameter (d) and the height (L) of EBM and SLM parts. Hardness investigations revealed considerable differences related to the microstructure. An influence of heat treatment as well as of orientation could be determined. In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the fabrication quality of single struts, the roughness and the microstructure on mechanical properties as a function of orientation.

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Section: Vickers Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of Single Ti6Al4V Struts Made Using Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting Subject to Part Orientation

Weißmann

Drescher

Bader

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…15 Therefore, understanding how the AM process influences the part microstructure is of paramount importance. In this regard, the focus of this work will be on electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM), which are among the main AM processes for Ti6Al4V.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Microstructure Evolution During Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: A Comparison Between Electron Beam Melting and Selective Laser Melting

Vastola

Zhang

Pei

et al. 2016

JOM

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Beam-based additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative technique in which parts are built layerwise, starting from the material in powder form. As a developing manufacturing technique, achievement of excellent mechanical properties in the final part is of paramount importance for the mainstream adoption of this technique in industrial manufacturing lines. At the same time, AM offers an unprecedented opportunity to precisely control the manufacturing conditions locally within the part during build, enabling local influence on the formation of the texture and microstructure. In order to achieve the control of microstructure by tailoring the AM machine parameters, a full understanding and modeling of the heat transfer and microstructure evolution processes is needed. Here, we show the implementation of the non-equilibrium equations for phase formation and dissolution in an AM modeling framework. The model is developed for the Ti6Al4V alloy and allows us to show microstructure evolution as given by the AM process. The developed capability is applied to the cases of electron beam melting and selective laser melting AM techniques to explain the significantly different microstructures observed in the two processes. INTRODUCTIONRapid prototyping differs from additive manufacturing (AM) in that the former is concerned with geometrical accuracy, while the latter adds a stringent requirement for the part's mechanical properties.1 This requirement arises from the fact that AM parts not only need to be built but also to be put into service with an expected performance similar to, if not better than, corresponding cast parts (if available).2 In AM, several factors contribute to the ultimate mechanical properties of the part, including the manufacturing technique, 3 the presence of porosity, including incomplete melting, 4 proper thermal control to avoid balling/overmelting, 5 and the quality of the powder feedstock. 6 Moreover, even at optimal build conditions, in which the former issues are minimized, a large role is played by the actual metal microstructure, which represents the ultimate factor that dictates the mechanical properties of the part.Ti6Al4V is a pseudo-binary alloy with rich equilibrium 7 and non-equilibrium 8 phase diagrams. The main phases are represented by b, which is stable above 1000°C (beta transus), 7 a, which is a diffusion-controlled phase stable below the beta transus, and martensite a 0 , which is a-competing and originates from diffusionless transformation of b under specific circumstances. From a traditional metallurgy point of view, Ti6Al4V has been extensively studied and significant works on it have been published.9-11 For example, Lü tjering et al. have shown that the thickness of the a lath is the primary factor influencing strength and ductility. 12 In turn, the a lath thickness is controlled by the cooling rate after solidification, where faster cooling rates correspond to thinner a laths. 13 Moreover, rapid quenching below the so-called martensite start temperature (T ms ) originates the ...

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“…The optimization of process parameters, in order to obtain almost full density and good mechanical properties of the bulk materials, represented the first step of the development of the SLM technology and of the scientific production [2][3][4], but research in producing parts with customized porosity and higher performances is raising [5,6]. Porous materials are exploited in different sectors, ranging from biomedical to aerospace [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and characterization of similar to foam steel components processed through selective laser melting

Campanelli

Cardaropoli

Contuzzi

et al. 2017

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The growing interest from the industry for lightweight metal components has driven the development of processes that would allow creating lightweight high melting point metals as steels, able to guarantee mechanical characteristics superior to existing foam (typically aluminium), without penalizing one of the characteristics that cell structures have: lightness. Conventional manufacturing methods, such as casting, however, face difficulty in making complex periodic steel structures with designed shape and size and volume fraction. This study evaluates the manufacturability and performance of lightweight 17-4 PH steel components with spherical porosity fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). Samples were designed and fabricated with the purpose to produce a structure similar to foam. Built samples were characterized in terms of dimensional accuracy, mechanical strength under compression and energy absorbed per unit mass. The designed structures have a designed relative density or volume fraction ranging between 31.1 and 32.8%.

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Manufacturing and Characterization of Ti6Al4V Lattice Components Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 114 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of Single Ti6Al4V Struts Made Using Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting Subject to Part Orientation

Comparison of Single Ti6Al4V Struts Made Using Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting Subject to Part Orientation

Modeling the Microstructure Evolution During Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: A Comparison Between Electron Beam Melting and Selective Laser Melting

Manufacturing and characterization of similar to foam steel components processed through selective laser melting

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