Manufacturing Choices for Ankle-Foot Orthoses: A Multi-objective Optimization

Totah, Deema; Kovalenko, Ilya; Sáez, Miguel A.; Barton, Kira

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.014

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When considering the entire orthotic device production workflow, one of the articles in our review, reported that 3D scanning in combination with CAM produced comparable devices as traditional methods in similar time frames [ 26 ]. More recent studies have supported these findings suggesting that additive manufacturing methods are as effective as traditional methods for producing AFOs when considering time, cost and device performance [ 5 , 31 , 32 ]. While some evidence suggests 3D scanning may be faster than traditional methods of morphology capture, it is crucial that this does not sacrifice accuracy or reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although casting for FOs may not require the same level of resourcing as AFOs, the process is still highly dependent on practitioner experience of positioning and manipulating the foot and/or ankle [ 4 ]. Overall, these traditional methods are labour intensive, restrict design choices, and require high level of skill and dedicated infrastructure that can increase costs and patient wait times [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital approaches are emerging as alternative plaster-less fabrication methods, which have the potential to reduce long lead times, material wastage, and cost [ 5 , 7 ]. Digital fabrication requires the input of foot and ankle morphology, which can be obtained by 3D scanning the foot and ankle directly or by scanning a negative impression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Farhan

Wang

Bray

et al. 2021

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background In the production of ankle-foot orthoses and in-shoe foot orthoses, lower leg morphology is traditionally captured using a plaster cast or foam impression box. Plaster-based processes are a time-consuming and labour-intensive fabrication method. 3D scanning is a promising alternative, however how these new technologies compare with traditional methods is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the speed, accuracy and reliability of 3D scanning with traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for fabricating orthoses. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed and electronic databases were searched to March 2020 using keywords related to 3D scanning technologies and traditional foot and ankle morphology capture methods. Studies of any design from healthy or clinical populations of any age and gender were eligible for inclusion. Studies must have compared 3D scanning to another form of capturing morphology of the foot and/or ankle. Data relating to speed, accuracy and reliability as well as study design, 3D scanner specifications and comparative capture techniques were extracted by two authors (M.F. and Z.W.). Study quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) and Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Results Six articles met the inclusion criteria, whereby 3D scanning was compared to five traditional methods (plaster cast, foam impression box, ink footprint, digital footprint and clinical assessment). The quality of study outcomes was rated low to moderate (GRADE) and doubtful to adequate (COSMIN). Compared to traditional methods, 3D scanning appeared to be faster than casting (2 to 11 min vs 11 to 16 min). Inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.18–0.99) and intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.25–0.99) were highly variable for both 3D scanning and traditional techniques, with higher agreement generally dependent on the foot parameter measured. Conclusions The quality and quantity of literature comparing the speed, accuracy and reliability of 3D scanning with traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology is low. 3D scanning appears to be faster especially for experienced users, however accuracy and reliability between methods is variable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Farhan

Wang

Bray

et al. 2021

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Manufacturing choices have also been discussed recently in the literature in conjunction with the optimization methods. 74 Multi-objective optimization method has been used to compare different manufacturing methods and materials for the development of passive ankle-foot orthoses. This optimization method presents an optimal framework for the combination of the manufacturing process, material and material thickness that balances cost, patient performance, and manufacturing time for the development.…”

Section: Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exoskeleton robots for lower limb assistance: A review of materials, actuation, and manufacturing methods

Hussain

Goecke

Mohammadian

2021

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The field of robot-assisted physical rehabilitation and robotics technology for providing support to the elderly population is rapidly evolving. Lower limb robot aided rehabilitation and assistive technology have been a focus for the engineering community during the last three decades as several robotic lower limb exoskeletons have been proposed in the literature as well as some being commercially available. Numerous manufacturing techniques and materials have been developed for lower limb exoskeletons during the last two decades, resulting in the design of a variety of robot exoskeletons for gait assistance for elderly and disabled people. One of the most important aspects of developing exoskeletons is the selection of the most appropriate proper material. The material selection strongly influences the overall weight and performance of the exoskeleton robot. The most suitable fabrication method for material is also an important parameter for the development of lower limb robot exoskeletons. In addition to the materials and manufacturing methods, the actuation method plays a vital role in the development of these robot exoskeletons. Even though various materials, manufacturing methods and actuators are reported in the literature for these lower limb robot exoskeletons, there are still avenues of improvement in these three domains. In this review, we have examined various lower limb robotic exoskeletons, concentrating on the three main aspects of material, manufacturing, and actuation. We have focused on the advantages and drawbacks of various materials and manufacturing practices as well as actuation methods. A discussion on future directions of research is provided for the engineering community covering the material, manufacturing and actuation methods.

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“…However, despite the advantages of using the FDM method in prosthetics indicated in the available literature, the implementation of this modern manufacturing method in industrial practice progresses slower than expected [ 23 ]. The problem of testing the strength of additive-manufactured products, especially in the case of their individualized nature, is an important issue.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Properties of Automatically Designed 3D-Printed Customized Prosthetic Sockets

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on a batch of additively manufactured customized prosthetic sockets for upper limbs, made of thermoplastics and designed automatically on the basis of a 3D-scanned limb of a 3-year-old patient. The aim of this work was to compare sockets made of two different materials—rigid PLA and elastic TPE. Two distinct socket designs with various mounting systems were prepared. To find a reliable set of parameters for cheap and stable manufacturing of usable prostheses using 3D printers, realizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, sets of sockets were manufactured with various process parameters. This paper presents the methodology of the design, the plan of the experiments and the obtained results in terms of process stability, fit and assessment by patient, as well as strength of the obtained sockets and their measured surface roughness. The results are promising, as most of the obtained products fulfil the strength criteria, although not all of them meet the fitting and use comfort criteria. As a result, recommendations of materials and process parameters were determined. These parameters were included in a prototype of the automated design and production system developed by the authors, and prostheses for several other patients were manufactured.

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Manufacturing Choices for Ankle-Foot Orthoses: A Multi-objective Optimization

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Exoskeleton robots for lower limb assistance: A review of materials, actuation, and manufacturing methods

Study on Properties of Automatically Designed 3D-Printed Customized Prosthetic Sockets

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