Manufacturing Errors of Concrete Cover as a Reason of Reinforcement Corrosion in a Precast Element—Case Study

Bacharz, Kamil; Raczkiewicz, Wioletta; Bacharz, Magdalena; Grzmil, Wioletta

doi:10.3390/coatings9110702

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the paper [ 64 ], the authors presented the results of chemical tests as well as the measurements by the use of the galvanostatic pulse technique indicating an advanced corrosion process of the reinforcement in the elements of the bridge structure, while the half-cell potential method did not show it. The authors of this paper repeatedly drew similar conclusions from their research [ 23 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The thickness of the concrete cover is one of the key factors determining the durability of reinforced concrete structures susceptible to aggressive external environment, because it determines the speed of penetration of aggressive substances that can damage the passive layer and initiate corrosion of the reinforcement [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in the case of seaside facilities located in the coastal zone (port and tourist buildings), exposed either to the direct influence of sea salt or to the so-called salt mist, as well as road structures (bridges, viaducts, flyovers), concrete surfaces, parking lots and open garages, due to the use of de-icing agents containing NaCl, the cause of degradation is the action of chlorides [ 10 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Sulphates that degrade concrete are also dangerous [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

et al. 2021

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Existing buildings, especially historical buildings, require periodic or situational diagnostic tests. If a building is in use, advanced non-destructive or semi-destructive methods should be used. In the diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures, tests allowing to assess the condition of the reinforcement and concrete cover are particularly important. The article presents non-destructive and semi-destructive research methods that are used for such tests, as well as the results of tests performed for selected elements of a historic water tower structure. The assessment of the corrosion risk of the reinforcement was carried out with the use of a semi-destructive galvanostatic pulse method. The protective properties of the concrete cover were checked by the carbonation test and the phase analysis of the concrete. X-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis methods were used for this. In order to determine the position of the reinforcement and to estimate the concrete cover thickness distribution, a ferromagnetic detection system was used. The comprehensive application of several test methods allowed mutual verification of the results and the drawing of reliable conclusions. The results indicated a very poor state of the reinforcement, loss in the depth of cover and sulphate corrosion.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

et al. 2021

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“…The present development of testing methods and equipment makes it possible to carry out more and more non-destructive tests. Sclerometric [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], ultrasound [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], ferromagnetic [ 44 , 45 ], and thermovision [ 46 ] tests, which are widely described in the literature, are most commonly used for testing reinforced concrete structures. An interesting comparison of testing methods in the aspect of concrete strength assessment has been published in [ 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Analyses of Systemic Large-Panel Buildings Using Comparative Testing during Demolition

2022

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Assessment of the technical condition of large-panel buildings, due to their on-going use and covering resulting from thermomodernization works, is problematic. Results from non-destructive tests (NDT) are subjected to high uncertainty. Destructive tests, which give results with the highest level of confidence, are practically not used. Local sampling for testing gives only a partial image of the condition of a prefabricated building. In this type of construction, joints connecting the precast elements are the most vulnerable to degradation. Access to them is technically difficult. Demolition of this type of building is extremely rare. However, it is a unique opportunity to perform a full spectrum of both NDT and destructive testing. This gives an opportunity for large-scale demolition sampling to identify hidden defects and compare the results obtained by different methods. The comparison of results allows for the scaling of NDT methods and reveals the presence of typical relationships. The paper presents visual, non-destructive, and destructive tests’ results of an over 40-year-old large-panel building scheduled for demolition. The design of this building is repetitive and similar to solutions found in thousands of other buildings. The usefulness of particular research methods for evaluating the technical condition of prefabricated buildings has been determined.

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“…To mitigate microcracking in concrete, an addition of fly ash, an application of the blast-furnace slag cement or low density aggregate is good practice, as demonstrated in [8]. However, in the case of normal-weight concrete, under the influence of destructive external factors, such as high temperature, frost, and loading, these microcracks can develop into cracks, thereby reducing structural durability and serviceability and in rare cases lead to failures, e.g., walls in tanks [9], concrete slabs [10,11], precast elements [12], or other structural elements [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Emission for Determining Early Age Concrete Damage as an Important Indicator of Concrete Quality/Condition before Loading

2020

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Phenomena occurring during the curing of concrete can decrease its mechanical properties, specifically strength, and serviceability, even before it is placed. This is due to excessive stresses caused by temperature gradients, moisture changes, and chemical processes arising during the concreting and in hardened concrete. At stress concentration sites, microcracks form in the interfacial transition zones (ITZ) in the early phase and propagate deeper into the cement paste or to the surface of the element. Microcracks can contribute to the development of larger cracks, reduce the durability of structures, limit their serviceability, and, in rare cases, lead to their failure. It is thus important to search for a tool that allows objective assessment of damage initiation and development in concrete. Objectivity of the assessment lies in it being independent of the constituents and additives used in the concrete or of external influences. The acoustic emission-based method presented in this paper allows damage detection and identification in the early age concrete (before loading) for different concrete compositions, curing conditions, temperature variations, and in reinforced concrete. As such, this method is an objective and effective tool for damage processes detection.

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Manufacturing Errors of Concrete Cover as a Reason of Reinforcement Corrosion in a Precast Element—Case Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

Degradation Analyses of Systemic Large-Panel Buildings Using Comparative Testing during Demolition

Acoustic Emission for Determining Early Age Concrete Damage as an Important Indicator of Concrete Quality/Condition before Loading

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