Manufacturing, thermal stability, and flammability properties of polypropylene containing new single molecule intumescent flame retardant

Abstract

Melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate kaolin (MPPK) was synthesized by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate with kaolin (K) and melamine. The structure of MPPK was confirmed by EDXS, 1H NMR, FTIR, and XRD. MPPK was blended with polypropylene (PP) at different loading levels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that MPPK improved the thermal stability of PP at high temperatures in all PP composites. Vertical burning rate test manifested that PP composites can achieve V0 at 20% and 25% MPPK loading levels. Cone calorimeter data exhibited that addition of 25% MPPK to PP reduced peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 86% and 76% and increased the char residue after test to 67%. The results of PP/25% MPPK composite were compared with the data obtained from PP containing 25% K and 25% of traditional intumescent flame retardant composed of melamine phosphate (MP), pentaerythritol (PE), and K. The outcomes indicated that MPPK was more efficient in flame retardancy than the other systems. The digital photographs and SEM images for char residue demonstrated that MPPK succeeded in forming cellular and coherent char layer on the PP surface. The main advantage of adding 25% MPPK to PP was its ability to preserve nearly the inner half of the sample without burning after cone calorimeter test.

Fire Behavior of Natural Rubber Filled with Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Graphite

“…b and the main absorption peaks for reactants and MPP‐G are shown in Table . The absorption peaks in Table for melamine, pentaerythritol, and graphite exhibit good agreement with the data reported in the literature . FTIR spectrum of MPP‐G, Fig.…”

“…This indicates that PP is connected to nitrogen atoms of triazine ring of melamine . The peaks at 1,618, 1,516, 1,400, 1,108, 1,049 cm −1 are referred to CC, CN, CH 2 , POC, and POH groups, respectively . The results of 1 H NMR and FTIR confirm that the reactants are interacted to form MPP‐G.…”

“…a6, shows peaks at δ = 3.3 and 7.3 ppm which are attributed to protons of CH 2  and POH. Figure a7 for MPP‐G indicates that the proton peak of CH 2  locates at δ = 3.3 ppm, the proton of NH 2 presents at δ = 6.1 ppm and the proton peak of P‐OH appears at δ = 7.0 ppm .…”

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

“…IFRs has no halogen atoms, exhibits low toxicity, and has a small amount of smoke release [10]. Meanwhile, IFRs can generate a thermally stable char layer during burning, which can protect the underlying material from fire.…”

Synergistic effect of bismuth oxide and mono‐component intumescent flame retardant on the flammability and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resins

“…Xia et al prepared a novel mono‐component intumescent flame retardant named piperazine methylphosphonic acid neopentylglycol ester (PPMPNG) to improve the char yield and thermal stability of polyethylene. Abdelkhalik et al synthesized a novel mono‐component intumescent flame retardant named melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate kaolin (MPPK) and then applied in PP to obtain satisfactory flame retardancy and thermal stability. Although the flame‐retardant efficiency of mono‐component IFR is higher than typical organic IFR, it still needs to improve the flame‐retarded effect of mono‐component IFR in polymeric materials.…”