Many oil wells, one evil: comprehensive assessment of toxic metals concentration, seasonal variation and human health risk in drinking water quality in areas surrounding crude oil exploration facilities in rivers state, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Oil and natural gas extraction have produced environmental pollution at levels that affect reproductive health of indigenous populations. Accordingly, polluted drinking water from physical, chemical and heavy metals can result in serious health problems, like anemia, kidney failure, immunosuppression, neurological impairments, gastrointestinal as well as respiratory irritation, skeletal system abnormalities, liver inflammation, liver cancer, cardiovascular diseases after chronic exposure and other cancer diseases with negative health effects. These diseases types remain associated to high amounts of heavy metal elements such as lead, chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, manganese as well as nickel etc. Objectives: Compare differences in water quality parameters in the study area (determine the level of pollutions in the different sites). Methodology: The investigation made use of standard analytical methodologies. All sampling, conservation, transportation as well as analysis followed the usual APHA procedures (2012). To prevent degradation of the organic substances, all obtained samples were transferred to the laboratory, while keeping in an icebox. Results: Result shows that during wet season, the mean values obtained for water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 compared with that obtained in other sites (p<0.05) with the exemptions of temperature, DO, BOD, COD, acidity, TH, TDS, K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, NH3, NO2, NO3, Ni though slightly lower in most cases in site 9 were not significantly different (p>0.05) and both alkalinity and SO4 which were significantly higher in site 9 than site 1 (p<0.05). Result obtained during dry season reveals that there is no remarkable difference in pH, acidity, Pb and Ni between the nine sites (p>0.05) while other water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 than other sites excluding Cl and Mg which were both significantly higher in site 9 than site 8 (p<0.05). Conclusion: To guarantee quality groundwater supply for various purposes in Nigeria's core Niger Delta region, extra efforts must be taken to fully understand hydrogeochemical features and its suitability. Thus, this study will aid in the development of a quantitative understanding of the effects of diverse causes on groundwater level fluctuations in any aquifer around the world. Also, this analysis reinforces a valuable resource for researchers, activists and public officials seeking to help enhance community awareness, planning and performance. The verdicts would remain a valuable guideline for policymakers, the Ministry of Water Resources and development practitioners, as this highlights the requirement for suitable approaches toward mitigating toxic element of water resources contamination in the core Niger Delta toward safeguarding health of the public from carcinogenic as well as non-carcinogenic risks.

Comprehensive Understanding of Hydrogeochemical evaluation of seasonal variability in groundwater quality Dynamics in the Gold Mining Areas of Osun State, Nigeria

“…Surface water samples analyzed in this research were collected for twelve (12) months (June 2020 to May 2021) from three surface water bodies from different locations.…”

“…Heavy-metal contamination of agricultural soils has become a significant environmental concern in human cultures, particularly in developing nations, at the same time as the growth and expansion of industry, mining operations, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Studies have demonstrated that anthropogenic activities such as improper waste management [36][37], industrial, mining, agricultural, and domestic activities as well as geogenic processes like weathering of rock minerals, rainfall intensity, leaching, and local geology of the aquifer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] are the major controls on groundwater quality. Groundwater was severely contaminated as a result of excessive and unsustainable groundwater extraction for drinking and irrigation, irrigation runoff, surface contaminants permeating the groundwater system, a high rate of evaporation, etc.…”

“…Groundwater was severely contaminated as a result of excessive and unsustainable groundwater extraction for drinking and irrigation, irrigation runoff, surface contaminants permeating the groundwater system, a high rate of evaporation, etc. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition to these surface contaminants, groundwater quality was further impacted by geochemical processes, land use, and regional geology [38,39].…”

“…The focus of the current study is on the seasonal variation of ground water's hydro-geochemistry since iron and fluoride, out of all the contaminants, pose the greatest hazard to public health in Nigeria [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The current study's goals are to comprehend the hydro-geochemistry of the groundwater in the mining region; evaluate the groundwater's appropriateness for drinking and irrigation; and comprehend the presence of physico-chemical and heavy metals in groundwater.…”

Assessing pesticides residue in water and fish and its health implications in the Ivo river basin of South-eastern Nigeria

“…[3][4][5] Also, the contaminated streams become sources of danger to organisms including man that depend on them for survival. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Pesticide residues poisoning has been documented as a killer by so many: cases include the mysterious deaths of over 18 people in Ode Irele, in Ondo State, Nigeria that was attributed to pesticides poisoning by the WHO (Sahara Reporters, 2015) and the poisoning of children reported as a major health problem in Zhejiang, China. 14 The United Nations has also noted that an average of about 200,000 people die from the toxic exposure of pesticides per year across the world, calling for tougher global regulation of substances meant to control pests or weeds for plant cultivation.…”