Mapping and Assessment of the United States Ocean Wave Energy Resource

Jacobson, Paul T.; Hagerman, George; Scott, G. Richard

doi:10.2172/1060943

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…TWhr/yr (300 GW) 3 within the United States. This resource provides the potential for a highly predictable renewable energy source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 This report found that there is 2,640 TWh/yr (300 GW) of potential wave resource along the United States coastal territory. This resource is not distributed evenly around the United States; below is a sampling of the distribution of the more energetic resource sites which would make good candidates for wave energy development:…”

Section: Resource Overviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This young industry has access to 30,660 TWhr/yr (3,500 GW) 2 of potential wave resource globally and 2640 TWhr/yr (300 GW) 3 within the U.S. that can offset some of the electricity currently provided by fossil-fuel fired generating plants.…”

Section: Second-tier Cost-reduction Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technological cost-reduction pathways for attenuator wave energy converters in the marine hydrokinetic environment.

Bull¹,

Ochs²

2013

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This report considers and prioritizes the primary potential technical cost-reduction pathways for offshore wave activated body attenuators designed for ocean resources. This report focuses on technical research and development costreduction pathways related to the device technology rather than environmental monitoring or permitting opportunities. Three sources of information were used to understand current cost drivers and develop a prioritized list of potential cost-reduction pathways: a literature review of technical work related to attenuators, a reference device compiled from literature sources, and a webinar with each of three industry device developers. Data from these information sources were aggregated and prioritized with respect to the potential impact on the lifetime levelized cost of energy, the potential for progress, the potential for success, and the confidence in success. Results indicate the five most promising cost-reduction pathways include advanced controls, an optimized structural design, improved power conversion, planned maintenance scheduling, and an optimized device profile. 4

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“…TWhr/yr (300 GW) 3 within the United States. This resource provides the potential for a highly predictable renewable energy source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resource Overviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Technological cost-reduction pathways for attenuator wave energy converters in the marine hydrokinetic environment.

Bull¹,

Ochs²

2013

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show abstract

“…This young industry has access to 30800 TWhr/yr (3,500 GW) 2 of potential wave resource globally and 2640 TWhr/yr (300 GW) 3 within the U.S. that offset some of the electricity currently provided by fossil-fuel fired generating plants. In 2010, the global electric energy consumption reached 21,431 TWhr/yr and the U.S. alone consumed 4,354 TWhr/yr.…”

Section: Second-tier Cost-reduction Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Cost-Reduction Pathways for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters in the Marine Hydrokinetic Environment.

Ochs¹,

Bull²

2013

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This report considers and prioritizes the potential technical cost-reduction pathways for offshore oscillating water columns in both terminator and point absorber configurations designed for ocean resources. This report focuses on cost-reduction pathways related to the device technology rather than environmental monitoring or permitting opportunities. Three sources of information were used to understand current cost drivers and develop a prioritized list of potential cost-reduction pathways: a literature review of technical work related to oscillating water columns, a reference device that was developed through the Reference Model project and was augmented with data compiled from literature sources, and a webinar with each of three industry device developers. Data from these information sources were aggregated and prioritized with respect to the potential impact on the lifetime levelized cost of energy, the potential for progress, the potential for success, and the confidence in success. Results indicated the four most promising cost-reduction pathways include advanced controls, improved power conversion, an optimized structural design, and array optimization.

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“…Recent estimates indicate that the U.S. wave energy resource is 2,600 TWh/year [3]. If it is possible to extract even a small fraction of this energy, there is potential to satisfy a significant amount of U.S. electricity demand [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Nonlinear Buoyancy and Excitation Forces in the WEC-Sim Wave Energy Converter Modeling Tool

Lawson

Nelessen

et al. 2014

Volume 9B: Ocean Renewable Energy

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Wave energy converters (WECs) are commonly designed and analyzed using numerical models that combine multibody dynamics with hydrodynamic models based on the Cummins equation and linearized hydrodynamic coefficients. These modeling methods are attractive design tools because they are computationally inexpensive and do not require the use of highperformance computing resources necessitated by high-fidelity methods, such as Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics. Modeling hydrodynamics using linear coefficients assumes that the device undergoes small motions and that the wetted surface area of the devices is approximately constant. WEC devices, however, are typically designed to undergo large motions to maximize power extraction, calling into question the validity of assuming that linear hydrodynamic models accurately capture the relevant fluid-structure interactions.In this paper, we study how calculating buoyancy and Froude-Krylov forces from the instantaneous position of a WEC device changes WEC simulation results compared to simulations that use linear hydrodynamic coefficients. First, we describe the WEC-Sim tool used to perform simulations and how the ability to model instantaneous forces was incorporated into WEC-Sim. We then use a simplified one-body WEC device to validate the model and to demonstrate how accounting for these instantaneously calculated forces affects the accuracy of simulation results, such as device motions, hydrodynamic forces, and power generation.Other aspects of WEC-Sim code development and verification are presented in a companion paper [1] that is also being presented at OMAE2014. INTRODUCTIONWave energy is the most abundant source of marine hydrokinetic energy in the United States and is a plentiful resource around the globe [2]. Recent estimates indicate that the U.S. wave energy resource is 2,600 TWh/year [3]. If it is possible to extract even a small fraction of this energy, there is potential to satisfy a significant amount of U.S. electricity demand [4]. This finding has stimulated commercial and governmental interest in developing wave energy converter (WEC) technologies, and indicates that wave energy could play a significant role in the world's renewable energy portfolio for years to come. Nevertheless, WEC devices are at an early stage of development, corresponding to technology readiness levels (TRLs) 3 through 5, and are not yet a commercially viable technology.Over the past several decades, open-source numerical modeling tools have helped the wind turbine industry achieve commercial viability by enabling the rapid development, analysis, and certification of system designs. The recent emergence of the WEC industry has created a need for a similar set of WEC design and analysis tools that enable the advancement of WEC technologies. Several companies have developed WEC modeling tools, such as WaveDyn, OrcaFlex, and AQWA, that meet many of the needs of the WEC research and development community. Previous experience at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NR...

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Mapping and Assessment of the United States Ocean Wave Energy Resource

Cited by 68 publications

References 3 publications

Technological cost-reduction pathways for attenuator wave energy converters in the marine hydrokinetic environment.

Technological cost-reduction pathways for attenuator wave energy converters in the marine hydrokinetic environment.

Technological Cost-Reduction Pathways for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters in the Marine Hydrokinetic Environment.

Implementing Nonlinear Buoyancy and Excitation Forces in the WEC-Sim Wave Energy Converter Modeling Tool

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