Mapping cortical asymmetry and complexity patterns in normal children

Blanton, Rebecca E.; Levitt, Jennifer G.; Thompson, Paul M.; Narr, Katherine L.; Capetillo-Cunliffe, Linda; Nobel, Abraham; Singerman, Jeffrey; McCracken, James T.; Toga, Arthur W.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(01)00091-9

Cited by 173 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Asymmetry of the brain has been measured by computing sulcal complexity, sulcus or gyral length as well as number and variability of spatial coordinates, in order to investigate gender effects, hemisphere asymmetries, and pathogenesis of schizophrenia (Juch et al, 2005) (Blanton et al, 2001) . For these observations, genetic determination of sulcal development, neuronal plasticity, myelination, and synaptic remodeling have been discussed as possible underlying mechanisms and explanations without taking into account the influences of possible extraneous factors on the morphology of the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Mewes

Zöllei

Hüppi³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Regional investigations of newborn MRI are important to understand the appearance and consequences of early brain injury. Previously, regionalization in neonates has been achieved with a Talairach parcellation, using internal landmarks of the brain. Non-synostotic dolichocephaly defines a bi-temporal narrowing of the preterm infant's head caused by pressure on the immature skull. The impact of dolichocephaly on brain shape and regional brain shift, which may compromise the validity of the parcellation scheme, has not yet been investigated. Twenty-four preterm and 20 fullterm infants were scanned at term equivalent. Skull shapes were investigated by cephalometric measurements and population registration. Brain tissue volumes were calculated to rule out brain injury underlying skull shape differences. The position of Talairach landmarks was evaluated. Cortical structures were segmented to determine a positional shift between both groups. The preterm group displayed dolichocephalic head shapes and had similar brain volumes compared to the mesocephalic fullterm group. In preterm infants, Talairach landmarks were consistently positioned relative to each other and to the skull base, but were displaced with regard to the calvarium. The frontal and superior region was enlarged; central and temporal gyri and sulci were shifted comparing preterm and fullterm infants. We found that in healthy preterm infants, dolichocephaly led to a shift of cortical structures, but did not influence deep brain structures. We concluded that the validity of a Talairach parcellation scheme is compromised and may lead to a miscalculation of regional brain volumes and inconsistent parcel contents when comparing infant populations with divergent head shapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Mewes

Zöllei

Hüppi³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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“…In a later study, Luders et al (2006) used the mean curvature to quantify cortical convolution at multiple surface points, confirming findings of greater cortical surface complexity in the frontal and parietal lobes of females compared to males. Another study that estimated cortical complexity used a spatial resolution and regression model [25] and found significant sex-by-age interaction in children and adolescents for frontal brain regions with cortical complexity only increasing with age in females [26]. (caudal-to-rostral) direction [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical surface complexity in a population-based normative sample

Dombroski

Nitzken

Elnakib

et al. 2014

Translational Neuroscience

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MRI studies on abnormal brain development are dependent on the quality, quantity, and type of normative development data available for comparison. Limitations affecting previous studies on normative development include small sample sizes, lack of demographic representation, heterogeneous subject populations, and inadequate longitudinal data. The National Institutes of Health Pediatric MRI Data Repository (NIHPD) for normative development was designed to address the aforementioned issues in reliability measures of control subjects for comparison studies. The subjects were recruited from six Pediatric Study Centers nationwide to create the largest, non-biased, longitudinal database of the developing brain. Using the NIHPD, we applied a 3D shape analysis method involving spherical harmonics to identify the cortical surface complexity of 396 subjects (210 female; 186 male) between the ages of 4.8 y and 22.3 y. MRI data had been obtained at one, two, or three time points approximately two years apart. A total of 144 participants (79 female; 65 male) provided MRI data from all time points. Our results confirm a direct correlation between cortical complexity and age in both males and females. Additionally, within the examined age range, females displayed consistently and significantly greater cortical complexity than males. Findings suggest that the underlying neural circuitry within male and female brains is different, possibly explaining observations of sexual dimorphism in social interaction, communication, and higher cognitive processes.

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“…Fractal studies on the development and aging of the human brain have shown increasing cortical complexity in early fetal life [39,40], and throughout childhood into adulthood [41] with decreasing complexity later in life [28,42,43]. In fact in 2001, Blanton and colleagues demonstrated that the complexity of the cortex folding characterized by fractal dimension increases with normal brain development over the first two decades of life in normal children [41].…”

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact in 2001, Blanton and colleagues demonstrated that the complexity of the cortex folding characterized by fractal dimension increases with normal brain development over the first two decades of life in normal children [41]. In relation to cognitive changes and age, a study on the association of fractal dimension and white matter of the brain revealed that subjects with greater white matter complexity have greater than expected fluid abilities than predicted by their childhood intelligence and less cognitive decline between the ages of 11 and 68 years of age [44].…”

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging  FD of the cortex early in fetal life and childhood into adulthood [39][40][41]  human entropy production from birth to age 18 [77]  human entropy production after early adulthood [77]  and  entropy production correlates with and  in VO 2 max in childhood and early adulthood, respectively [80]  entropy production-decreased glucose metabolism in frontal and temporal lobes with normal healthy aging [72,81,82]  FD of the cortex and white matter in late adulthood [28,42,43] Epilepsy  FD of white matter in half the patients with frontal lobe epilepsy [24] Abnormal FD of the cortex in half the patients with cryptogenic epilepsy [23]  entropy production -interictal glucose hypometabolism correlates with epileptogenic region [83,85]  entropy production-glucose hypometabolism of the cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei, supratentorial white matter, infratentorial structures, superior mesial frontal cortex, superior dorsolateral frontal cortex, mesial occipital cortex, lateral occipital cortex, deep parietal white matter and pons [86,87] Degree of cerebral hypometabolism  number of relapses [88] Thalamic and cerebellar glucose hypometabolism  total lesion volume [89]  entropy production-increased cerebral glucose metabolism in the parietal and frontal cortex located close to areas of hypometabolism [89]  FD of grey matter [46] Alzheimer's  FD of anterior tip of the temporal lobe, mammillary bodies, superior colliculus, posterior edge of the corpus callosum, inferior colliculus and midthalamus [42] FD of cortical ribbon significantly different from control subjects [48]  entropy production-cerebral glucose hypometabolism including the posterior cingulate cortex, parieto-temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex [90][91][92][93][94][95][96]…”

Section: Pathology Fractal Dimension (Fd) Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Seely

Newman

Herry

2014

Entropy

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Abstract:Our goal is to explore the relationship between two traditionally unrelated concepts, fractal structure and entropy production, evaluating both within the central nervous system (CNS). Fractals are temporal or spatial structures with self-similarity across scales of measurement; whereas entropy production represents the necessary exportation of entropy to our environment that comes with metabolism and life. Fractals may be measured by their fractal dimension; and human entropy production may be estimated by oxygen and glucose metabolism. In this paper, we observe fractal structures ubiquitously present in the CNS, and explore a hypothetical and unexplored link between fractal structure and entropy production, as measured by oxygen and glucose metabolism. Rapid increase in both fractal structures and metabolism occur with childhood and adolescent growth, followed by slow decrease during aging. Concomitant increases and decreases in fractal structure and metabolism occur with cancer vs. Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis, respectively. In addition to fractals being related to entropy production, we hypothesize that the emergence of fractal structures spontaneously occurs because a fractal is more efficient at dissipating energy gradients, thus maximizing entropy production. Experimental evaluation and further understanding of limitations and necessary conditions are indicated to address broad scientific and clinical implications of this work.

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Mapping cortical asymmetry and complexity patterns in normal children

Cited by 173 publications

References 49 publications

Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Cortical surface complexity in a population-based normative sample

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

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