“…In developing countries, rainfed mixed agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, which accounts for 40-90 % of the employment, 30-60 % of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and 25-95% of the foreign exchange (FAO, 2002;Hordofa et al, 2008;Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2011;Tedla, 2012;Minot and Sawyer, 2013). Even if developing countries has significant potential for irrigation, the practice of small-scale and large-scale irrigation is immature and the existing practice itself is completely dependent on conventional decision-making of critical resources such as water, land, cropping mix and/or pattern, and other agricultural inputs (Xie et al, 2014(Xie et al, , 2021Nigussie et al, 2020). Supporting this fact, Belete et al (2011) describes conventional irrigated agriculture as immature that lack both technical and input use efficiency.…”