Mapping Immunodominant Antibody Epitopes of Abrin

Alcalay, Ron; Falach, Reut; Gal, Yoav; Sapoznikov, Anita; Sabo, Tamar; Kronman, Chanoch; Mazor, Ohad

doi:10.3390/antib9020011

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[ 18 ] In addition, sequence homology is determined as high as 42% of A chain and 59% of B chain between ricin and abrin. [ 19 ] Thus, the similar cytotoxic mechanism and high homology in sequence and structure between these RIPs make the sensitive detection and accurate discrimination of ricin from its homologues remain a challenge especially in on‐site detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of whole active ricin using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sandwich immunoassay

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Ricin is one of the most toxic proteins known, which has been listed as both chemical and biological warfare agent due to its unique properties. Rapid and sensitive method capable of detecting and distinguishing activity of the whole ricin has very important realistic significance in view of national security and defense. This study reports a reliable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based sandwich immunoassay for the detection and differentiation of active ricin from other homologous toxins. In the immunoassay design, magnetic bead conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) MIL50 that can recognize the ricin in its holotoxin form was used as a capture probe to separate ricin from complex matrix, whereas both Raman reporter molecule Nile blue A (NBA) and ricin‐specific mAb 14C12 were modified on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form SERS nanoprobes. In the presence of ricin, SERS nanoprobes bound to the antigen‐captured magnetic beads and formed a sandwich immunocomplex to produce specific hot spots and then generated highly sensitive signals. As a result, the whole ricin could be detected as low as 1 and 5 ng/ml in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and in plasma, respectively. Not only active and inactive ricin can be discriminated distinctly but also ricin from other type II ribosome‐inactivating proteins and their agglutinins. Furthermore, the proposed method made an application to practical samples from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) biotoxin exercise test, proving this SERS‐based sandwich immunoassay a promising assay for timely response of ricin‐related risk assessment in terrorist event and human intoxication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of whole active ricin using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sandwich immunoassay

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Karande [32] описано два иммунодоминантных эпитопа, расположенных на субъединице A абрина. Анализ паттерна связывания антител выявил 11 линейных эпитопов для субъединицы А и 14 эпитопов для субъединицы В молекулы холотоксина, которые расположены на поверхности токсина и, следовательно, доступны для взаимодействия с антителами [33].…”

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Molecular aspects of creating vaccines for the prevention of poisoning ribosome-inactivating proteins of plant origin: current situation, problems of vaccine development

Myasnikov¹,

Александрович²,

Степанов³

et al. 2021

Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy

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This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of the toxin, the clinical effects of ricin and abrin intoxication and how these relate to current and continuing prospects for vaccine development. The threat of bioterrorism worldwide has accelerated the demand for the development of therapies and vaccines against the ribosome-inactivating proteins. The diverse and unique nature of these toxins poses a challenge to vaccinologists. This paper will review the mechanism of toxicity and vaccines development to protect against the highly toxic plant-derived ribosomal toxins. Vaccine development is further complicated by the fact that as bioterrorism agents, abrin and ricin would most likely be disseminated as aerosols supplies. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which these toxins cross mucosal surfaces, and importance of mucosal immunity in preventing toxin uptake is only rudimentary. Research is now aimed at developing recombinant, attenuated vaccines based on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these toxins function. The evolution of the development of specific immunoprophylaxis of acute ricin poisoning from native toxoid to genetically engineered subunit vaccines based on the method of targeted mutagenesis is traced. The past several years have seen major advances in the development of a safe and efficacious ricin toxin vaccine. These vaccines are discussed in the context of the toxicity and structure of ricin. In this review we summarize ongoing efforts to leverage recent advances in the design and use of vaccines.

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Novel Multifunctional Meta‐Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip Microplate for High‐Throughput Molecular Screening

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The utilization of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for real‐time label‐free molecular interaction analysis is already being employed in the fields of in vitro diagnostics and biomedicine. However, the widespread application of SPR technology is hindered by its limited detection throughput and high cost. To address this issue, our study introduces a novel multifunctional MetaSPR high‐throughput microplate biosensor featuring 3D nanocup microarrays, aiming to achieve high‐throughput screening at a reduced cost and with enhanced speed. Different types of MetaSPR sensors and analytical detection methods have been developed for accurate subtype identification, epitope binding, affinity determination, antibody collocation, and other applications that have greatly promoted the screening and analysis of early antibody drugs. The MetaSPR platform combined with nano‐enhanced particles amplified the detection signal and improved the detection sensitivity, making it more convenient, sensitive, and efficient than traditional ELISA. Our findings demonstrated that the MetaSPR biosensor is a new practical technology detection platform that can improve the efficiency of biomolecular interaction studies with unlimited potential for new drug development.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Mapping Immunodominant Antibody Epitopes of Abrin

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Rapid detection of whole active ricin using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sandwich immunoassay

Rapid detection of whole active ricin using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sandwich immunoassay

Molecular aspects of creating vaccines for the prevention of poisoning ribosome-inactivating proteins of plant origin: current situation, problems of vaccine development

Novel Multifunctional Meta‐Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip Microplate for High‐Throughput Molecular Screening

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