Mapping of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in outdoor environment and comparing with reference levels for general public health

Abstract

In this study, radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels were measured on the main streets in the city center of Diyarbakır, Turkey. Measured electric field levels were plotted on satellite imagery of Diyarbakır and were compared with exposure guidelines published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Exposure measurements were performed in dense urban, urban and suburban areas each day for 7 consecutive days. The measurement system consisted of high precision and portable spectrum analyzer, three-axis electric field antenna, connection cable and a laptop which was used to record the measurement samples as a data logger. The highest exposure levels were detected for two places, which are called Diclekent and Batıkent. It was observed that the highest instantaneous electric field strength value for Batıkent was 7.18 V/m and for Diclekent was 5.81 V/m. It was statistically determined that the main contributor band to the total exposure levels was Universal Mobile Telecommunications System band. Finally, it was concluded that all measured exposure levels were lower than the reference levels recommended by ICNIRP for general public health.

Exposure assessment of radiofrecuency electromagnetic fields in academic areas

“…Nuestro estudio cuenta además con mediciones interiores que se realizaron tomando como fuentes emisoras de RF-CEM las provenientes de computadoras personales y de fuentes de iluminación. A diferencia del trabajo publicado por Cansiz M en nuestro estudio las mediciones se realizaron en una sola instancia, sin evaluar las posibles modificaciones a lo largo de un día completo (7).…”

“…(Asunción) / Vol. 51 - Nº 2, 2018 personas potencialmente expuestas si no se controlan adecuadamente (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Microwave antennas—An intrinsic part of RF energy harvesting systems: A contingent study about its design methodologies and state‐of‐art technologies in current scenario

“…[46][47][48] Despite of its continuous availability, radio waves arises concern of EMI/EMC of penetrating through human body; subjected to risk by World Health Organization. [11][12][13][14][15][16]49 At the midst of it, RF energy harvesting 50-53 is still considered as robust, trustworthy and feasible solution for meeting the increasing power requirements of low power embedded devices in both consumer and commercial usage.…”

Spectral density constraints on wireless communication

“…The study [17] has reported that health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) are a serious concern not only from the users of smart-devices or people who live next to the base stations, but also from government and non-government organizations which are responsible for public health. Other studies [18,19,20] also have indicated that RF EMF affects not just human health but also animal and plant health.…”