Mapping of RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5′ termini of 15 S β-globin mRNA precursor and mature 10 S β-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates

Weaver, Robert F.; Weissmann, Charles

doi:10.1093/nar/7.5.1175

Cited by 1,297 publications

(476 citation statements)

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“…Transient transfections and nuclease S1 mapping of transcripts were performed as described previously (Weaver and Weissmann, 1979;Westin et al, 1987). Briefly, OVEC reporter constructs driven either by a mouse MT-1 promoter or a synthetic promoter with four tandem copies of the strongest MREs (MREd) from MT-1 promoter were transfected into mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking MTF-1 together with an expression vector for hMTF-1 or dMTF-1 using calcium-phosphate coprecipitation method.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and S1 Nuclease Protection Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison

Balamurugan

Egli²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2004

Biological Chemistry

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The zinc finger transcription factor MTF-1 (metal-responsive transcription factor-1) is conserved from insects to vertebrates. Its major role in both organisms is to control the transcription of genes involved in the homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metal ions such as Cu 2q , Zn 2q and Cd 2q . In mammals, MTF-1 serves at least two additional roles. First, targeted disruption of the MTF-1 gene results in death at embryonic day 14 due to liver degeneration, revealing a stage-specific developmental role. Second, under hypoxic-anoxic stress, MTF-1 helps to activate the transcription of the gene placental growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic protein. Recently we characterized dMTF-1, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian MTF-1. Here we present a series of studies to compare the metal response in mammals and insects, which reveal common features but also differences. A human MTF-1 transgene can restore to a large extent metal tolerance to flies lacking their own MTF-1 gene, both at low and high copper concentrations. Likewise, Drosophila MTF-1 can substitute for human MTF-1 in mammalian cell culture, although both the basal and the metal-induced transcript levels are lower. Finally, a clear difference was revealed in the response to mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal: metallothionein-type promoters respond poorly, if at all, to Hg 2q in mammalian cells but strongly in Drosophila, and this response is completely dependent on dMTF-1.

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Section: Rna Extraction and S1 Nuclease Protection Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison

Balamurugan

Egli²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2004

Biological Chemistry

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“…$1 nuclease analysis was performed as described (Weaver and Weissmann, 1979;Rusconi and Schaffner, 1981). Isolation of HCMV IE RNA and Northern blot hybridizations have been described previously (Jahn et al, 1984a).…”

Section: Analysis Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Boshart

Weber

Jahn

et al. 1985

Cell

1,097

648

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SummaryA strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV40 DNA with randomly fragmented HCMV DNA yielded two SV40-HCMV recombinant viruses that had incorporated overlapping segments of HCMV DNA to substitute for the missing SV40 enhancer. Within HCMV, these enhancer sequences are located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the major immediate-early gene, between nucleotides -118 and -524. Deletion studies with the HCMV enhancer, which harbors a variety of repeated sequence motifs, show that different subsets of this enhancer can substitute for the SV40 enhancer. The HCMV enhancer, which seems to have little cell type or species preference, is severalfold more active than the SV40 enhancer. It is the strongest enhancer we have analyzed so far, a property that makes it a useful component of eukaryotic expression vectors.

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“…The sequence encoding the variable C-terminal part of neurophysin and the glycoprotein as well as the 3' non-coding region are uninterrupted. As indicated by nuclease SI mapping (Weaver and Weissmann, 1979) there are no introns in the 5'-untranslated region nor in the sequence encoding the signal peptide (see Figure 3). The structure of the 5' -untranslated region of the bovine cDNA shows strong homology (7407o) with the rat genomic DNA upstream of the first ATG codon, the presumptive initiation site of translation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Support for this assignment is provided by a modified 'Goldberg-Hogness' sequence, CATAAAT (Goldberg, 1979) located 29 nucleotides upstream of the presumptive transcription start site. A second protected fragment of 93 bp (Figure 3) may point to a microheterogeneity of the mRNA (Grez et al, 1981), or to the formation of secondary structures not completely accessible to nuclease S1 digestion (Weaver and Weissmann, 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both PvuII-fragments were subcloned in pUC 8 yielding the clones pVXPvuII-I containing sequences from the 5' and pVXPvull-2 from the 3' end of the gene and used together with pVXHindIII for sequence analysis as outlined in Figure 1. Restriction mapping of rat liver DNA probed with a specific VNp (Richter et al, 1980) in 80%o formamide at 45°C for 15 hand digested with S1 nuclease (Weaver and Weissmann, 1979). A sample of the probe was subjected to sequence reactions (Maxam and Gilbert, 1980) and used as a marker.…”

Section: Screening Of the Charon 4a Librarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural organization of the rat gene for the arginine vasopressin-neurophysin precursor

1983

The EMBO Journal

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The rat arginine vasopressin-neurophysin precursor gene has been isolated from a genomic library cloned in X phage Charon 4A. Restriction mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the gene is 1.85 kilobase pairs long and contains two intervening sequences located in the protein coding region. Exon A encodes a putative signal peptide, the hormone arginine vasopressin and the variable N terminus of the carrier protein neurophysin, exon B encodes the highly conserved middle part of neurophysin and exon C its variable C terminus together with glycoprotein. Thus, the three functional domains of the precursor -argiline vasopressin, neurophysin, glycoprotein -are encoded on three distinct exons.

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Mapping of RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5′ termini of 15 S β-globin mRNA precursor and mature 10 S β-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates

Cited by 1,297 publications

References 27 publications

Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison

Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison

A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Structural organization of the rat gene for the arginine vasopressin-neurophysin precursor

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