Mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Promkuntod, N.; Eijndhoven, R.E.W. van; Vrieze, Geert de; Gröne, Andrea; Verheije, Monique H.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.018

Cited by 150 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, we found (data not shown) that inclusion ("spiking") of S2 protein did not affect the results of the native S1 ELISA. This observation is consistent with other reports suggesting that the S2 region contains fewer neutralizing epitopes than does the S1 region; the literature indicates that most epitopes are located in the S1 region (Cavanagh et al, 1986;Ignjatovic and Galli, 1994;Kant et al, 1992;Koch et al, 1990;Promkuntod et al, 2014). These results excluded the possibility that the other viral components affect the titer in ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…S has two main functions: to attach the virus to the host cell receptor, and to activate fusion of the virion membrane with the host cell membrane (Casais et al, 2003;Wickramasinghe et al, 2011). The S protein is the most important antigen in inducing neutralizing antibodies against IBV, and the N-terminal S1 region is especially important (Cavanagh et al, 1986;Ignjatovic and Galli, 1994;Kant et al, 1992;Koch et al, 1990;Promkuntod et al, 2014). The S1 domain forms the bulbous head of the spike protein, and several virus neutralization (VN) epitopes have been reported to reside within the first and third quarter of the S1 sequence (Cavanagh et al, 1988;Kant et al, 1992;Koch et al, 1990;Sjaak de Wit et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased neutralizing antigenicity in IBV S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells

et al. 2015

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We evaluated the antigenicity of recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1 protein expressed in mammalian cells. Recombinant S1 was expressed as a secreted protein fused with a trimerization motif peptide, then purified using Ni Sepharose. The purified protein was analyzed by Western blotting, mixed with oil adjuvant, and administered to 29-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Six weeks after immunization, anti-IBV neutralizing titer and anti-S1 ELISA titer were determined; immunized chickens then were inoculated with IBV via the trachea and ciliary activity was observed. Results showed that the recombinant S1 protein was highly glycosylated, and the neutralizing antigenicity of recombinant S1 protein was lower than that of inactivated virus. However, anti-S1 ELISA indicated that the recombinant S1 protein induced antibodies against S1. These results suggest that the recombinant S1 may retain non-neutralizing epitopes but have unnatural glycosylation pattern and conformation, resulting in lacking neutralizing conformational epitopes. In conclusion, the neutralizing antigenicity of recombinant S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells was decreased, and was not sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased neutralizing antigenicity in IBV S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells

et al. 2015

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“…The coronavirus spike protein is a class I viral fusion peptide, in which the variable S1 domain is involved in host cell receptor binding and the conserved S2 domain mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes (Bosch et al, 2003;Masters and Perlman, 2013). All mapped receptor-binding domains (RBD), including that of IBV (Promkuntod et al, 2014), are located at various positions within the S1 domain (Masters and Perlman, 2013). The S2 membrane fusion unit of the ectodomain contains two heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2), which interact to form the coiled-coil structure of the stalk (de Groot et al, 1987), and a putative fusion peptide.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6A) had bound to cells in an ␣-2,3-sialic acid dependent manner (Promkuntod et al, 2014). Using the differences in binding between M41 and Beaudette S1 proteins amino acids 38, 43, 63, and 69, partly overlapping with HVR1, were identified as critical residues for binding of M41 (Promkuntod et al, 2014). IBV M41 is the only Gammacoronavirus for which the RBD has been identified.…”

Section: In Tissue Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The N-terminal S1 domain (M41.NTD, comprising aa 19-272 of the spike) and the C-terminal S1 domain (M41.CTD, comprising aa 273-532 of the spike) of M41 were applied to chicken trachea. The NTD was both sufficient and required for attachment to chicken tissues, and thus contained the receptor-binding domain (Promkuntod et al, 2014); (B) recombinant S1 and ectodomains of Beaudette and M41 were produced as soluble recombinant proteins and applied to BHK21 cells and chicken trachea, respectively. Binding of Beaudette spike to cell cultures was only observed for the ectodomain, while the extension of S1 with the S2 ectodomain for M41 increased the binding avidity to the trachea (similarly as observed before for the CAM; Promkuntod et al, 2013).…”

Section: In Cell Culture Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian coronavirus spike protein

et al. 2014

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Avian coronaviruses of the genus Gammacoronavirus are represented by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the coronavirus of chicken. IBV causes a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory tract and, depending on the strain, other tissues including the reproductive and urogenital tract. The control of IBV in the field is hampered by the many different strains circulating worldwide and the limited protection across strains due to serotype diversity. This diversity is believed to be due to the amino acid variation in the S1 domain of the major viral attachment protein spike. In the last years, much effort has been undertaken to address the role of the avian coronavirus spike protein in the various steps of the virus' live cycle. Various models have successfully been developed to elucidate the contribution of the spike in binding of the virus to cells, entry of cell culture cells and organ explants, and the in vivo tropism and pathogenesis. This review will give an overview of the literature on avian coronavirus spike proteins with particular focus on our recent studies on binding of recombinant soluble spike protein to chicken tissues. With this, we aim to summarize the current understanding on the avian coronavirus spike's contribution to host and tissue predilections, pathogenesis, as well as its role in therapeutic and protective interventions.

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The next‐generation coronavirus diagnostic techniques with particular emphasis on the SARS‐CoV‐2

Hemida

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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The potential zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are of global health concerns. Early diagnosis is the milestone in their mitigation, control, and eradication. Many diagnostic techniques are showing great success and have many advantages, such as the rapid turnover of the results, high accuracy, and high specificity and sensitivity. However, some of these techniques have several pitfalls if samples were not collected, processed, and transported in the standard ways and if these techniques were not practiced with extreme caution and precision. This may lead to false-negative/positive results. This may affect the downstream management of the affected cases. These techniques require regular finetuning, upgrading, and optimization. The continuous evolution of new strains and viruses belong to the coronaviruses is hampering the success of many classical techniques. There are urgent needs for next generations of coronaviruses diagnostic assays that overcome these pitfalls. This new generation of diagnostic tests should be able to do simultaneous, multiplex, and high-throughput detection of various coronavirus in one reaction. Furthermore, the development of novel assays and techniques that enable the in situ detection of the virus on the environmental samples, especially air, water, and surfaces, should be given considerable attention in the future. These approaches will have a substantial positive impact on the mitigation and eradication of coronaviruses, including the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Cited by 150 publications

References 36 publications

Decreased neutralizing antigenicity in IBV S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells

Decreased neutralizing antigenicity in IBV S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells

The avian coronavirus spike protein

The next‐generation coronavirus diagnostic techniques with particular emphasis on the SARS‐CoV‐2

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