Mapping of the soil phosporus using landform approach on apple orchard in Batu, East Java Province, Indonesia

Vertical variation in shallow and deep soil moisture in an apple orchard in the loess hilly–gully area of north China

“…Forty‐five sampling points (nine for each orchard age) were selected for collection of soil samples. Soil moisture measurements were taken in 20‐cm increments to a depth of 8 m below the soil surface in a vertical direction using a hand auger (40 mm diameter) and approximately 60 cm distance from the apple tree trunk (Wicaksono, Suratman, & Murti, 2019; Zheng et al., 2017). Soil samples were stored in sealed aluminium cases and transported to the laboratory to measure gravimetric SMC (%) by estimating the weight of water in the soil samples as the difference between field and oven‐dried soil weights (oven‐dried for 24 hr at 105°C).…”