Mapping risk of cadmium and lead contamination to human health in soils of Central Iran

Amini, M.; Afyuni, Majid; Khademi, Hossein; Abbaspour, Karim C.; Schulin, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.015

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fieldwork took place in March, 2005, at which time Fallon had not experienced a substantial rain storm for three weeks (daily data obtained online from the National Climatic Data Center, NOAA 2006), allowing surface dust to accumulate for that length of time. In total, 125 surface dust samples were collected along a grid pattern within Fallon as well as outside of Fallon to establish background concentrations of metals (Amini et al 2005;Rimmer et al 2006;Biasioli et al 2006). Within Fallon, the grid cell length was 0.5 km, which maximized the sampling density inside the town.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon, Nevada

Sheppard

Speakman

Ridenour³

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt are described for surface dust of Fallon, Nevada, where a cluster of childhood leukemia has been ongoing since 1997. In earlier research, airborne tungsten and cobalt was shown to be elevated in total suspended particulates in Fallon. To fine-tune the spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt deposition in Fallon, surface dust was collected in a grid pattern within as well as outside of Fallon to establish background concentrations of metals. In surface dust, tungsten and cobalt show sharp peaks (934 ppm and 98 ppm, respectively) within Fallon just north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. These two peaks overlap spatially, and given the grid pattern used for collecting surface dust, the source area of these two airborne metals can be pinpointed to the vicinity of hard-metal industry located north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. Fallon is distinctive in west central Nevada because of high airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates, and given its cluster of childhood leukemia, it stands to reason that additional biomedical research is in order to test directly the leukogenicity of combined airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon, Nevada

Sheppard

Speakman

Ridenour³

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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“…The other sources of nonoccupational toxic metal exposure to Iranian population are fish and seafood [42], plant leaves [43], contaminated soils [44], and agricultural land [45]. Leaves and soils have been used to monitor trace element contamination in urban and industrial areas as an alternative to conventional instrumental monitoring.…”

Section: %Rsd = Percent Relative Standard Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Levels of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Residents of Tehran

Farzin

Amiri

Shams

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Monitoring of toxic trace elements for human blood has been of interest to researchers in the fields of environmental chemistry and medical science. The amount of blood toxic elements can reflect the disease state of the person or the environment where that person resides or works. Chronic, low-level exposure to toxic metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) is an increasing global problem. This study focuses on obtaining the usual value of Pb, Cd, and Hg in normal human blood. These elements were determined in 61 male and 40 female volunteers resident in Tehran (Iran). The subjects were non-drug abusers and aged 6-62 years old. Procedures were developed for the collection, storage, and preanalytical treatment of samples. The lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and mercury was measured by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The blood levels of Pb, Cd, and Hg in normal volunteers living in Tehran were 123.75 +/- 56.42, 1.82 +/- 0.67, and 8.48 +/- 4.42 microg/L. There was no significant gender-related difference in blood Cd and Hg concentrations (p < 0.06 and p < 0.41). However, the results indicated significantly higher content of Pb in blood of males compared to females (138.11 +/- 65.43 and 101.84 +/- 51.38 microg/L, respectively, p < 0.05).

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“…Ordinary indicator kriging estimates for related threshold z k by linear combination of (n) neighboring indicator transformed data by the following equation (Amini et al 2005): where λ α (z k ) is the weight in threshold z k for location α. The semivariograms of indicator threshold values are necessary to solve the kriging equation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semivariograms of indicator threshold values are necessary to solve the kriging equation. The necessary indicator semivariograms for the thresholds can be modeled by the following equation (Amini et al 2005):…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of depth and salinity of groundwater under irrigated ustifluvents in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey

Demir

Erşahin

Güler

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Information on the potential risk for soil salinity buildup can be very helpful for soil salinity management in irrigated areas. We evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater salinity (GWS) and groundwater depth (GWD), which are two of the most important indicators of soil salinity, by indicator kriging technique in a large irrigated area in northern Turkey. GWS and GWD were measured on a monthly basis from irrigation season (August 2003) to rainy season (April 2004) at 60 observation wells in the 8,187-ha irrigated area. Five indicator thresholds were used for GWS and GWD. The semivariogram for each of the thresholds for both variables was analyzed then used together with experimental data to interpolate and map the corresponding conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDF). Risk for soil salinity buildup was greater in the irrigation season compared to that in the rainy season. The greatest risk for soil salinity buildup occurred in the eastern part of the study area, suffering from poor drainage problem due to malfunctioning drainage infrastructure, as indicated by the CCDF of GWS and GWD obtained in both seasons. It was concluded that a combination of mechanical and cultural measures should be taken in high-risk locations to avoid further salinity problems.

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Mapping risk of cadmium and lead contamination to human health in soils of Central Iran

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon, Nevada

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon, Nevada

Blood Levels of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Residents of Tehran

Spatial variability of depth and salinity of groundwater under irrigated ustifluvents in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey

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