Marihuana effects on learning, attention and time estimation

Vachon, Louis; Sulkowski, Adam J.; Rich, Edwin

doi:10.1007/bf00421453

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, it may be considered to have a small working memory component. Δ-9-THC does not appear to impair performance on CPT (D'Souza et al 2004;Vachon et al 1974;Wilson et al 1994).…”

Section: Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 71%

The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

2006

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This profile of effects suggests that cannabinoids impair all stages of memory including encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Several mechanisms, including effects on long-term potentiation and long-term depression and the inhibition of neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, acetyl choline, dopamine) release, have been implicated in the amnestic effects of cannabinoids. Future research in humans is necessary to characterize the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of the memory impairing effects of cannabinoids, to dissect out their effects on the various stages of memory and to bridge the expanding gap between the humans and preclinical literature.

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“…Thus, it may be considered to have a small working memory component. Δ-9-THC does not appear to impair performance on CPT (D'Souza et al 2004;Vachon et al 1974;Wilson et al 1994).…”

Section: Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 71%

The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

2006

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“…A number of studies by our group and others have shown that smoking marijuana results in impairment on a variety of cognitive tasks Wittenborn 1984, 1986; see Solowij 1998 for a review). However, focused vigilant attention for durations less than 10 min, as required for the dichotic task, may not be impaired by marijuana (Vachon et al 1974). Similarly, simple RT may not be impaired by smoking marijuana (Chait and Pierri 1992), although choice and complex RT tasks are more likely to result in impaired performance (reviewed in Solowij 1998).…”

Section: Behavioral Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Smoking Marijuana on Brain Perfusion and Cognition

O'Leary

Block

Koeppel

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

156

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“…These subjective effects have been investigated using performance-based measures such as time estimation tasks (in which subjects estimate time between two cues) and time production tasks (in which subjects generate predetermined time intervals). Congruent with the reported subjective slowing of time under the influence of cannabis, individuals given cannabinoids consistently overestimate duration in time estimation tasks (Weil et al 1968; Clark et al 1970; Jones and Stone 1970; Perez-Reyes et al 1991; Lieving et al 2006) and underproduce durations in time production tasks (Meyer et al 1971; Cappell et al 1972; Tinklenberg et al 1976, 1972; Carlini et al 1974; Vachon et al 1974; Hicks et al 1984; Perez-Reyes et al 1991; Dougherty et al 1994; McDonald et al 2003; O’Leary et al 2003; Stone et al 2010) over a range of two seconds to three minutes. Consequently, cannabis smokers’ perception that external time is passing more slowly is consistent with internal, subjective time passing more quickly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute effects of THC on time perception in frequent and infrequent cannabis users

et al. 2012

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Rationale Cannabinoids have been shown to alter time perception, but existing literature has several limitations. Few studies have included both time estimation and production tasks, few control for subvocal counting, most had small sample sizes, some did not record subjects’ cannabis use, many tested only one dose, and used either oral or inhaled administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), leading to variable pharmacokinetics, and some used whole-plant cannabis containing cannabinoids other than THC. Our study attempted to address these limitations. Objectives To characterize the acute effects of THC and frequent cannabis use on seconds-range time perception. THC was hypothesized to produce transient, dose-related time overestimation and underproduction. Frequent cannabis smokers were hypothesized to show blunted responses to these alterations. Methods IV THC was administered at doses from 0.015 mg/kg to 0.05 mg/kg to 44 subjects who participated in several double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover, placebo-controlled studies. Visual time estimation and production tasks in the seconds range were presented to subjects three times on each test day. Results All doses induced time overestimation and underproduction. Chronic cannabis use had no effect on baseline time perception. While infrequent/non-smokers showed temporal overestimation at medium and high doses and temporal underproduction at all doses, frequent cannabis users showed no differences. THC effects on time perception were not dose-related. Conclusions A psychoactive dose of THC increases internal clock speed as indicated by time overestimation and underproduction. This effect is not dose-related, and is blunted in chronic cannabis smokers, who did not otherwise have altered baseline time perception.

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Marihuana effects on learning, attention and time estimation

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

Effects of Smoking Marijuana on Brain Perfusion and Cognition

Acute effects of THC on time perception in frequent and infrequent cannabis users

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