Marine Biopolymer Dynamics, Gel Formation, and Carbon Cycling in the Ocean

Verdugo, Pedro

doi:10.3390/gels7030136

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Toxic effects of molecules produced genomes may act at an environmental scale of km to 1000s of km and be more difficult to identify. In both spontaneously aggregated OM (140) (141) (Verdugo, 2012(Verdugo, , 2021, or in biologically produced mucus, fluid flow and often molecular diffusion are reduced, while physical density may be increased or decreased (142) (143) (Drost-Hansen, 2006; Mari et al, 2008).…”

Section: Scales (Granulometry) Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Jenkinson¹

2023

Preprint

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean represents about 662 billion tonnes of C, 200 times more than the living biomass. It is produced mainly by microbial primary production. The largest fraction of this DOM is old (>weeks to months) and both chemically and biologically recalcitrant. The remainder is young (seconds to weeks), more labile and surface active. It also changes the rheological properties in the bulk phase of the water and at interfaces including the sea surface microlayer (SML). In order of abundance, this DOM consists of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and nucleic acids, often incorporated into complex polymers. The DOM molecules are produced by microbial genes, and are further modified by enzymes themselves produced by genes. The properties of ocean water and its interfaces as well as biogeochemical fluxes may thus be modified by ocean microbial genes. These fluxes influence ocean and atmospheric climate, which in return acts on the biota. Therefore the ocean microbial genomes and the fluxes and climates they influence may be subject to Darwinian-type selection. Research programmes need to integrate ocean ecology, rheology, biogeochemistry and genomics, to find the associations among them. Discovery of commercial bioactive molecules may be a bonus.

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Section: Scales (Granulometry) Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Jenkinson¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Toxic effects of molecules produced by genomes may act at an environmental scale of km to 1000s of km and be more difficult to identify. In both spontaneously aggregated OM [139,140] and biologically produced mucus, fluid flow and often molecular diffusion are reduced, whereas physical density may be increased or decreased [141,142].…”

Section: Scales (Granulometry) Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Jenkinson

2023

JMSE

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean represents about 662 billion tons of C, 200 times more than the living biomass. It is produced mainly by microbial primary production. The largest fraction of this DOM is old (>weeks to months) and both chemically and biologically recalcitrant. The remainder is young (seconds to weeks), more labile and surface active. Part of the latter fraction changes the rheological properties in the bulk phase of the water and at interfaces including the sea surface microlayer (SML). In order of abundance, this DOM consists of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and nucleic acids, often incorporated into complex polymers. The DOM molecules are produced by microbial genes, and are further modified by enzymes themselves produced by genes. The properties of ocean water and its interfaces as well as biogeochemical fluxes may thus be modified by ocean plankton genes. These fluxes influence ocean and atmospheric climate, which in return acts on the biota. Viral infection may furthermore modify prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and their expression. Therefore, the ocean plankton genomes and the fluxes and climates they influence may be subject to Darwinian-type selection. Research programs need to integrate ocean ecology, rheology, biogeochemistry and genomics, to find the associations among them.

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“…The transformation of DOM to microgels in changing environmental situations, including pollutant inputs, climate change, and ocean acidification, deserves more attention. This urgency is because gravitational sinking and transport behavior are greatly influenced by particle sizes and granularities, which also control the downward flux of organic matrices, thereby potentially disturbing carbon sequestration and biological pumps [18,[37][38][39]. In addition, the aggregation of organic gels can serve as cloud condensation nuclei, so they may influence sea spray particle formation [40].…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on Effluent Microgel Formation

et al. 2022

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Wastewater treatment plant effluent is considered an important hotspot of dissolved organic matter. The behavior and transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) regulate particle sedimentation, pollutant fate, microbial attachment, and biofilm formation. However, studies have so far focused on the transformation of marine and riverine organic matter, and the current knowledge of dEfOM behavior is still limited. Fluctuations in water conditions, especially temperature, may directly alter the size, assembly speed, and structure of microgels, thereby potentially disturbing fate and the transportation of organic matter. In this study, we firstly investigated the effects of temperature on the behavior and capacity of dEfOM assembly into microgels and the possible mechanism. The microgel size and granularity of dEfOM were monitored by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that, with regard to microgels, a higher temperature leads to a higher assembly capacity but also a decrease in the size distribution. By contrast, assembly at 4 °C reduces the relative assembly capacity but increases the microgel size and granularity. The size distribution of the formed microgels at the various temperatures was ordered as follows: 4 °C > 20 °C > 35 °C. The size reduction in dEfOM assembly may be closely tied to the enhancement of hydrophobic interactions. The reduction in microgel granularity in warm conditions (35 °C) in terms of the effluent water may be caused by thermally induced condensation. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effects of temperature on dEfOM assembly and can facilitate further relevant studies on aquatic organic particle formation during current global warming scenarios.

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Marine Biopolymer Dynamics, Gel Formation, and Carbon Cycling in the Ocean

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Plankton Genes and Extracellular Organic Substances in the Ocean

Temperature Effects on Effluent Microgel Formation

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