Marine connectivity: a new look at pelagic larval duration and genetic metrics of dispersal

Selkoe, Kimberly A.; Toonen, Robert J.

doi:10.3354/meps09238

Cited by 352 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For marine species with a pelagic larval phase, such as M. surmuletus , dispersal capacity is primarily determined by pelagic larval duration (PLD), as the possible distance traveled by larvae increases with PLD (Andrello et al., 2013; Selkoe & Toonen, 2011). For example, larvae of the dusky grouper ( Epinephelus marginatus ), which has a similar PLD as M. surmuletus (30 days), disperse over distances of about 90 km on average (Andrello et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale

Dalongeville

Andrello

Mouillot

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Genetic variation, as a basis of evolutionary change, allows species to adapt and persist in different climates and environments. Yet, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of genetic variation at different spatial scales is still missing in marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated the influence of environment, geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on the variation in allele frequencies, using an extensive spatial sampling (47 locations) of the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Univariate multiple regressions were used to test the influence of environment (salinity and temperature), geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies. We used Moran's eigenvector maps (db‐MEMs) and asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEMs) to decompose geographic and dispersal distances in predictors representing different spatial scales. We found that salinity and temperature had only a weak effect on the variation in allele frequencies. Our results revealed the predominance of geographic isolation to explain variation in allele frequencies at large spatial scale (>1,000 km), while larval dispersal was the major predictor at smaller spatial scale (<1,000 km). Our findings stress the importance of including spatial scales to understand the drivers of spatial genetic variation. We suggest that larval dispersal allows to maintain gene flows at small to intermediate scale, while at broad scale, genetic variation may be mostly shaped by adult mobility, demographic history, or multigenerational stepping‐stone dispersal. These findings bring out important spatial scale considerations to account for in the design of a protected area network that would efficiently enhance protection and persistence capacity of marine species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale

Dalongeville

Andrello

Mouillot

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…While a link between dispersal ability and duration of the pelagic stage has considerable intuitive appeal, the relationship is not a simple one (Selkoe and Toonen, 2011;Selkoe et al, 2014). Nonetheless, fishes with a long pelagic larval stage tend to have extensive dispersal, broad ranges and dominate communities on isolated islands (Horne et al, 2008;Reece et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Is There Gene Flow From the Suture Zone Via Hybrid Offspring?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgeons and suture zones: Hybridization among four surgeonfish species in the Indo-Pacific with variable evolutionary outcomes

DiBattista

Whitney

Craig

et al. 2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Surgeons and suture zones: Hybridization among four surgeonfish species in the Indo-Pacific with variable evolutionary outcomes, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2016), doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ympev.2016.04.036 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. . japonicus and A. nigricans) are distinguishable only at a population or subspecies level (Φ ST = 0.6533, P < 0.001). Little population structure was observed within species, with evidence of recent population expansion across all four geographic ranges. We detected sharing of mtDNA haplotypes between species and extensive hybridization based on microsatellites, consistent with later generation hybrids but also the effects of allele homoplasy. Despite extensive introgression, 98% of specimens had 3 concordance between mtDNA lineage and species identification based on external morphology, indicating that species integrity may not be eroding. The A. nigricans complex demonstrates a range of outcomes from incomplete speciation to secondary contact to decreasing hybridization with increasing evolutionary depth.

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“…Also, evolutionary ecologists have hypothesized that dispersal costs and/or postsettlement selection may lead to higher mortality rates for long-distance dispersers (20). Finally, marine ecologists and biological oceanographers have hypothesized that the number of days an individual spends in the larval phase affects its dispersal capacity (21)(22)(23). To date, there are few rigorous empirical tests of these hypotheses, because dispersal data have been lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

Patterns, causes, and consequences of marine larval dispersal

D'Aloia

Bogdanowicz

Francis

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Quantifying the probability of larval exchange among marine populations is key to predicting local population dynamics and optimizing networks of marine protected areas. The pattern of connectivity among populations can be described by the measurement of a dispersal kernel. However, a statistically robust, empirical dispersal kernel has been lacking for any marine species. Here, we use genetic parentage analysis to quantify a dispersal kernel for the reef fish Elacatinus lori, demonstrating that dispersal declines exponentially with distance. The spatial scale of dispersal is an order of magnitude less than previous estimates-the median dispersal distance is just 1.7 km and no dispersal events exceed 16.4 km despite intensive sampling out to 30 km from source. Overlaid on this strong pattern is subtle spatial variation, but neither pelagic larval duration nor direction is associated with the probability of successful dispersal. Given the strong relationship between distance and dispersal, we show that distance-driven logistic models have strong power to predict dispersal probabilities. Moreover, connectivity matrices generated from these models are congruent with empirical estimates of spatial genetic structure, suggesting that the pattern of dispersal we uncovered reflects long-term patterns of gene flow. These results challenge assumptions regarding the spatial scale and presumed predictors of marine population connectivity. We conclude that if marine reserve networks aim to connect whole communities of fishes and conserve biodiversity broadly, then reserves that are close in space (<10 km) will accommodate those members of the community that are shortdistance dispersers.population connectivity | dispersal kernel | parentage analysis | marine protected areas | biological oceanography Q uantifying patterns of marine larval dispersal is a major goal of ecology and conservation biology (1-3). Many marine species have a bipartite life cycle that is characterized by a dispersive larval phase and a relatively sedentary adult phase. Thus, larval dispersal drives the exchange of individuals and alleles (i.e., connectivity) among populations within many marine metapopulations (4). In turn, connectivity influences population dynamics, microevolutionary processes, and the design of effective networks of marine reserves.Ecologists have long recognized that dispersal kernels offer a useful approach to quantifying patterns of dispersal (5, 6). Here, an empirical dispersal kernel is defined as a probability density function (p.d.f.) that can be integrated to yield the probability of successful dispersal over a given distance. Estimating a dispersal kernel requires that sampling be spatially extensive to capture longdistance dispersal (LDD) events-the tail of the kernel. Capturing the tail is essential to understanding ecological and evolutionary processes that are driven by LDD (7). Sampling must also be intensive to tighten the confidence intervals (CIs) associated with low-frequency LDD events. Despite a decades-long resea...

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Marine connectivity: a new look at pelagic larval duration and genetic metrics of dispersal

Cited by 352 publications

References 61 publications

Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale

Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale

Surgeons and suture zones: Hybridization among four surgeonfish species in the Indo-Pacific with variable evolutionary outcomes

Patterns, causes, and consequences of marine larval dispersal

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