Marine-derived myxobacteria of the suborder Nannocystineae: An underexplored source of structurally intriguing and biologically active metabolites

Abstract

SummaryMyxobacteria are famous for their ability to produce most intriguing secondary metabolites. Till recently, only terrestrial myxobacteria were in the focus of research. In this review, however, we discuss marine-derived myxobacteria, which are particularly interesting due to their relatively recent discovery and due to the fact that their very existence was called into question. The to-date-explored members of these halophilic or halotolerant myxobacteria are all grouped into the suborder Nannocystineae. Few of them were chemically investigated revealing around 11 structural types belonging to the polyketide, non-ribosomal peptide, hybrids thereof or terpenoid class of secondary metabolites. A most unusual structural type is represented by salimabromide from Enhygromyxa salina. In silico analyses were carried out on the available genome sequences of four bacterial members of the Nannocystineae, revealing the biosynthetic potential of these bacteria.

Protection and consolidation of stone heritage by self-inoculation with indigenous carbonatogenic bacterial communities

“…have been found in marine environments and saline soils, and in the specific case of M . xanthus , it has been shown that cells can proliferate under osmotic stress 62 . Such a salt-tolerance can ensure M .…”

Biosynthesis of α-pyrones

“…In addition corallopyronin A was also tested successfully using an in vivo mouse model for the treatment of infections with filarial nematodes [ 44 ]. Such antibiotics produced by heterotroph bacteria, e.g., marine and terrestrial myxobacteria which can feed on other bacteria, are suggested as predatory weapons to paralyze and kill their prey [ 45 – 46 ].…”

An Unusual Diterpene—Enhygromic Acid and Deoxyenhygrolides from a Marine Myxobacterium, Enhygromyxa sp.

“…The resulting intermediate I undergoes repeated 1,3-hydride shift/cyclization and the oxidation of the terminal methyl group. In silico analysis was carried out on the genome sequences of Enhygromyxa salina DSM 15201 (= E. salina SHK-1 T in Figure 2) [4] by antiSMASH (ver. 4.0.0) software (), revealing the presence of seven terpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters, three of which were found to contain a core gene homologous to a terpene (pentalenene) synthase gene.…”