Marine Heatwaves, Sewage and Eutrophication Combine to Trigger Deoxygenation and Biodiversity Loss: A SW Atlantic Case Study

Brauko, Kalina M.; Cabral, Alex; Costa, Natasha V.; Hayden, Juliana; Dias, Carlos E. P.; Leite, Edilene S.; Westphal, Renan D.; Mueller, Carolina Melissa; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.; Rodrigues, Regina R.; Rörig, Leonardo Rubi; Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto; Fonseca, Alessandra; Alarcon, Orestes Estevam; Horta, Paulo Antunes

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.590258

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We had expected macrophyte structure to maintain stable DO saturation in the bottom waters of the reference pond; however, both ponds responded similarly, regardless of the differences in macrophyte coverage and thermal structure. Our observations support findings from freshwater and marine systems that aquatic heatwaves are associated with declines in DO due to reduced gas solubility and increased respiration rates (Ali et al 2016;Brauko et al 2020;Tassone et al 2021). Reduced DO availability has consequences for nutrient and carbon cycling as well as greenhouse gas production.…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygensupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of macrophytes on stratification and dissolved oxygen dynamics in ponds

Albright¹,

Ladwig²,

Wilkinson³

2023

Preprint

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Small waterbodies are sensitive to stressors such as eutrophication and heatwaves; however, interactions between macrophytes and hydrodynamics may mediate the effects of compounding stressors. Leveraging an ecosystem experiment and hydrodynamic model, we evaluated how macrophyte biomass, thermal structure, and dissolved oxygen (DO) responded to the interaction of episodic nutrient loading and periods of high temperatures in two temperate ponds. In one pond we experimentally added pulses of nutrients, simulating storm-driven loading (the other pond served as an unmanipulated reference). Following the first nutrient pulse both ponds experienced a 5-day period of high surface water temperatures. Macrophytes in the nutrient addition pond began to senescence mid-summer due to phytoplankton shading from the nutrient addition and heat stress while macrophytes in the reference pond followed expected seasonal patterns, senescing in early autumn. Field observations and model results indicate that macrophytes structured the thermal environment through vertical attenuation of turbulent kinetic energy and light. Macrophytes reduced the vertical extent of water column warming during the heat event by 0.25-0.5 m and maintained cooler bottom temperatures (up to 2.5 °C cooler) throughout the summer, suggesting that macrophytes may buffer small waterbodies from heatwaves. Seasonal patterns in DO saturation also followed trends in macrophyte biomass; however, during the heat event, DO saturation fell sharply (-22.4 to 50.4 %) in both ponds and remained depressed through the remainder of the summer. This experiment and modeling exercise demonstrated that macrophyte influence on turbulent flows and light are pivotal in mediating how small waterbodies respond to compounding stressors.

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Section: Dissolved Oxygensupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of macrophytes on stratification and dissolved oxygen dynamics in ponds

Albright¹,

Ladwig²,

Wilkinson³

2023

Preprint

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“…The authors also identified an increase in frequency, duration, intensity, and extension of MHWs over the satellite period 1982–2016. However, future changes in the MHWs and their generating mechanisms have not yet been assessed for the western South Atlantic, even though some recent studies have already identified their impact on marine ecosystems in the region (Brauko et al., 2020; Carneiro et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Summer Marine Heatwaves in the Western South Atlantic

Costa

Rodrigues

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are defined as extended periods in which sea surface temperatures (SST) exceed a climatological threshold (Hobday et al., 2016). They have received much attention lately due to their harmful impacts on marine ecosystems, ranging from habitat shifts and changes in populations' genetics to high mortality of several marine species (Coleman et al., 2020;Smale et al., 2019). Recent studies have identified an increase in their frequency, duration, intensity, and spatial extension over most of global oceans and linked these trends to long-term warming (

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“…Oliver et al, 2017;Cheung and Frölicher, 2020), to modifications of the ocean's properties (e.g. altering carbon cycle and water column stratification, reducing dissolved oxygen concentration or preventing sea ice formation; Brauko et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2020;Carvalho et al, 2021;Mignot et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Heatwaves Offshore Central and South Chile: Understanding Forcing Mechanisms During the Years 2016-2017

et al. 2022

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are discrete warm-water anomalies events occurring in both open ocean and coastal areas. These phenomena have drawn researchers’ attention since the beginning of the 2010s, as their frequency and intensity are severely increasing due to global warming. Their impacts on the oceans are wide, affecting the ecosystems thus having repercussions on the economy by decreasing fisheries and aquaculture production. Chilean Patagonia (41° S-56° S) is characterised by fjord ecosystems already experiencing the global change effects in the form of large-scale and local modifications. This study aimed to realise a global assessment of the MHWs that have occurred along Central and South Chile between 1982 and 2020. We found that the frequency of MHWs was particularly high during the last decade offshore Northern Patagonia and that the duration of the events is increasing. During austral winter and spring 2016, combination of advected warm waters coming from the extratropical South Pacific Ocean and persisting high pressure inducing reduced winds have together diminished the heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, creating optimal condition for a long-lasting MHW. That MHW hit Patagonia during 5 months, from May to October 2016, and was the longest MHW recorded over the 1982-2020 period. In addition, a global context of positive phases of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode contributed to the MHW formation.

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Marine Heatwaves, Sewage and Eutrophication Combine to Trigger Deoxygenation and Biodiversity Loss: A SW Atlantic Case Study

Cited by 43 publications

References 61 publications

Influence of macrophytes on stratification and dissolved oxygen dynamics in ponds

Influence of macrophytes on stratification and dissolved oxygen dynamics in ponds

Future Summer Marine Heatwaves in the Western South Atlantic

Marine Heatwaves Offshore Central and South Chile: Understanding Forcing Mechanisms During the Years 2016-2017

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