Marine invertebrate cytochrome P450: Emerging insights from vertebrate and insect analogies

Identification and expression profile of a new cytochrome P450 isoform (CYP414A1) in the hepatopancreas of Venerupis (Ruditapes) philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium and copper

“…CYPs are found in virtually all tissues and organs of marine invertebrates, especially hepatic-like organs and steroidogenic tissues (Rewitz et al, 2006). Similar phenomenon was also observed in our study, the CYP414A1 transcript was found to be most abundantly expressed in hepatopancreas (Fig.…”

“…A number of studies have correlated CYPs induction with B[a]P challenge (Rewitz et al, 2006). In this work, the exposed group with 5 g/L B[a]P showed no significant changes in CYP414A1 expression during the whole experimental period, while 50 g/L B[a]P-treated sample showed significant increase (5.6-fold; P < 0.05) in gene expression of CYP414A1 after exposure for 96 h. The similar expression inductions of CYP1A and CYP1C by 5 mg/L B[a]P were also observed in Fundulus heteroclitus (Wang et al, 2010).…”

“…Researches upon CYPs have been mainly focused on the biochemical and toxicological aspects in higher vertebrates and insects (Zhou et al, 2010). CYPs and associated activities have also been demonstrated in several marine invertebrates belonging to the phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusk, Crustacea and Echinodermata (de Toledo-Silva et al, 2008;Rewitz et al, 2006). However, only 12-58 CYPs sequences or expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from bivalve mollusks have been deposited in GenBank so far (Zanette et al, 2010).…”

A Pharm-Ecological Perspective of Terrestrial and Aquatic Plant-Herbivore Interactions

“…The gap in knowledge related to mechanisms required to process nutrients in marine herbivorous fishes, for example, has only recently begun to close (Choat and Clements, 1998;Clements et al, 2009). Moreover, despite a long history of investigating how aquatic animals process chemical contaminants (Chambers and Yarbrough, 1976;Katagi, 2010;Rewitz et al, 2006;Smital et al, 2004), studies investigating how they process dietary secondary metabolites have only recently been initiated (Gross and Bakker, 2012;Liang et al, 2007;Richardson et al, 2009). An understanding of pharmacology can fill these gaps in both terrestrial and aquatic systems.…”

“…The liver is the primary site of biotransformation of PSMs for vertebrates. In invertebrates, fat bodies and the digestive system, including the different gut compartments and the digestive gland, are responsible for the biotransformation of toxins (Appel, 1993;Gross et al, 2008;Hyne and Maher, 2003;Keeley, 1985;Rewitz et al, 2006). The enzymes responsible for the metabolism of drugs have been extensively investigated in laboratory and domestic mammals but far less so with respect to PSMs in wild herbivores, particularly aquatic ones (Dearing et al, 2005;Sotka et al, 2009).…”