Marine mammals are natural hosts of Oceanivirga salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of Atlantic salmon

Palmer, R.; Fleming, Gerard T.A.; Glaeser, Stefanie P.; Semmler, Torsten; Flamm, Agnes; Ewers, Christa; Kämpfer, Peter; Budich, Olga; Berrow, Simon; O’Brien, Joanne; Siebert, Ursula; Collins, Evelyn; Ruttledge, M.; Eisenberg, Tobias

doi:10.3354/dao03478

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…At the level of genus (Figure S2B), the gingival microbiota was composed primarily of Oceanivirga (15.6%), Neisseria (10.0%) and Ornithobacterium (10.0%), all undetected at the other facility sample sites, as well as Fusobacterium (11.6%) (Table S3). Oceanivirga , also unique to the gingival microbiota, has previously been isolated from the oral cavity of adult elephant seals at the same facility (Volokhov et al, 2018) and healthy wild harbour seals (Palmer et al, 2020). In the rectal microbiota, Bacteroidetes was also the most abundant (32.3%) phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (29.2%), Fusobacteriota (16.8%), Firmicutes (16.5%), Epsilonbacteraeota (2.6%) and Actinobacteria (2.5%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rookery through rehabilitation: Microbial community assembly in newborn harbour seals after maternal separation

Switzer

Callahan

Costello

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Microbial community assembly remains largely unexplored in marine mammals, despite its potential importance for conservation and management. Here, neonatal microbiota assembly was studied in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) at a rehabilitation facility soon after maternal separation, through weaning, to the time of release back to their native environment. We found that the gingival and rectal communities of rehabilitated harbour seals were distinct from the microbiotas of formula and pool water, and became increasingly diverse and dissimilar over time, ultimately resembling the gingival and rectal communities of local wild harbour seals. Harbour seal microbiota assembly was compared to that of human infants, revealing the rapid emergence of host specificity and evidence of phylosymbiosis even though these harbour seals had been raised by humans. Early life prophylactic antibiotics were associated with changes in the composition of the harbour seal gingival and rectal communities and surprisingly, with transient increases in alpha diversity, perhaps because of microbiota sharing during close cohabitation with other harbour seals. Antibiotic‐associated effects dissipated over time. These results suggest that while early life maternal contact may provide seeding for microbial assembly, co‐housing of conspecifics during rehabilitation may help neonatal mammals achieve a healthy host‐specific microbiota with features of resilience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rookery through rehabilitation: Microbial community assembly in newborn harbour seals after maternal separation

Switzer

Callahan

Costello

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Identifying and quantifying sustained presence of pathogenassociated taxa is complicated; many animals regularly coexist with pathogenic microbiota without showing clinical signs of an affected health assessment (Nelson et al, 2015;Palmer et al, 2020). In some marine mammals, the conserved presence of disease-associated microbes like some Vibrio species and Helicobacter pylori among different populations can exist as a background "pathogen core community" (Apprill et al, 2017;Godoy-Vitorino et al, 2017;Raverty et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019) that is found in the majority of healthy populations (Nelson et al, 2015;Apprill et al, 2017;Ochoa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory microbiota of three cohabiting beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care

Smith,

Ropati,

Santoferrara

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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We sampled the respiratory mucus from voluntary blowhole exhalations (“blow”) of three healthy beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) under professional human care. Blow samples were collected from three resident belugas, one adult male (M1) and two adult females (F1, F2), with voluntary behaviors via non-invasive methods over three days in July 2021 (four days for M1). Samples were weighed and examined microscopically for the enumeration of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes, and then were used to evaluate carbon substrate use and taxonomic diversity of prokaryotic communities in the host respiratory sytem. Microscopical observations and 18S rRNA gene sequencing indicated the presence of eukaryotic microbiota, the ciliate genera Planilamina and Kyaroikeus in all three individuals. Exposure of samples to different metabolic carbon substrates indicated significant differences in the number of carbon sources usable by the prokaryotic communities of different whales (range: 11-25 sources), as well as a signficantly decreased diversity of carbon sources used by the community in the habitat water (5 sources). Sequencing of the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 19 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were present in all whale samples. The oldest female D. leucas (F2) had the lowest overall diversity, and was significantly different from M1 and F1 in taxon composition, including an anomalously low ratio of Baccillota: Bacteroidota (0.01) compared to the other whales. In comparisons of microbial community composition, M1 had a significantly higher diversity than F1 and F2. These results suggest that attention should be given to regular microbiome sampling, and indicate a need for the pairing of microbiome and clinical data for animals in aquaria. Overall, these data contribute to the growing database on the core respiratory microbiota in cohabiting cetaceans under professional human care, indicate the utility of non-invasive sampling, and help characterize a baseline for healthy D. leucas.

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“…The genus Oceanivirga appeared mostly in the goat ejaculates collected during the breeding season and has also been detected in mare vagina (43,44) and bull semen (14). This genus belongs to the Leptotrichiaceae family, which typically colonizes human or animal oropharynx, respiratory, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts (45,46). The importance that these genera may have for reproductive performance remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in Goat Buck Ejaculates Differs Between Breeding and Non-breeding Seasons

et al. 2022

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Changes in semen microbiota are associated with alterations to sperm quality and fertility. However, the microbiota from most livestock species has not yet been studied. Goats are seasonal breeders, but semen microbiota has never been described in this species, and it is unknown how seasonality affects it. Our study objective is 2-fold: to describe the microbiota in goat buck ejaculates and to determine if it differs between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Semen from six males of the Murciano-Granadina breed was collected during both seasons. Two replicates were performed per male and season on different days. The microbiota was characterized by genomic sequencing technology. Sperm quality was also evaluated. Repetition was not significant for the studied variables. Sperm velocities were higher for the breeding than for the non-breeding season. The ejaculates from both seasons also differed in the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa. The five dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes during the breeding season and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria during the non-breeding season. The dominant genus during both seasons was Ureaplasma. Differences in microbial community structure (the beta diversity) were found. A decrease in the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium and an increase in the genera Sphingomonas and Halomonas were observed in the ejaculates collected during the breeding season. Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium abundance favorably and unfavorably correlated with sperm quality, respectively. In conclusion, the semen microbiota from goat bucks varies between breeding and non-breeding seasons, and the microbiota remains stable for 7 days within a season. In addition, the genera Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium could be possible biomarkers of semen quality in goat bucks. These results contribute to an in-depth understanding of the effects of reproductive seasonality on goat buck ejaculates.

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Marine mammals are natural hosts of Oceanivirga salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of Atlantic salmon

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Rookery through rehabilitation: Microbial community assembly in newborn harbour seals after maternal separation

Rookery through rehabilitation: Microbial community assembly in newborn harbour seals after maternal separation

The respiratory microbiota of three cohabiting beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care

Microbiota in Goat Buck Ejaculates Differs Between Breeding and Non-breeding Seasons

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