Marine Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics

Sardari, Roya R.R.; Karlsson, Eva Nordberg

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04418

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The total polysaccharide content (% DM) is 29-67% in green algae (Chlorophyta), 10-59% in red algae (Rhodophita) and 10-75% in brown algae (Phaecophyta). [29].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several papers have analyzed the prebiotic effects of algae [5,29,73,[75][76][77][78][79]. In swine, 24 studies have been published in the last 10 years on the effects of supplementation with brown seaweeds, or their extracts, on gut health: Ascophyllum nodosum [42,60,72], Ecklonia cava [63], Laminaria digitata [64,80,81], Laminaria hyperborea [82,83], Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea association [84], Laminaria spp.…”

Section: Prebiotic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total polysaccharide content (% DM) is 29-67% in green algae (Chlorophyta), 10-59% in red algae (Rhodophita) and 10-75% in brown algae (Phaecophyta). [29].A major component of brown seaweed cell walls is a salt form of alginic acid, alginate with the content ranging from 140-400 g/kg DM [30]. Brown seaweed walls are also rich in fucoidans, which are saccharide units with different degrees of sulphation.…”

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Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Corino

Modina

Giancamillo

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: In pig nutrition, alternative and safe supplements are needed to enhance the pigs' health and welfare. Natural feed components, such as herbs and plant extracts, are of great importance in animal nutrition, and marine macroalgae can be considered as supplements positively influence animal health parameters. Seaweeds possess several bioactive molecules that are studied for their prebiotic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Seaweed benefits are related to their content of sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, diterpenes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. This paper reviews the following biological functions of seaweeds and seaweed extracts in pig nutrition: prebiotics, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, promoting intestinal well-being and improving digestibility.Abstract: Seaweeds are macroalgae, with different sizes, colors and composition. They consist of brown algae, red algae and green algae, which all have a different chemical composition and bioactive molecule content. The polysaccharides, laminarin and fucoidan are commonly present in brown seaweeds, ulvans are found in green seaweeds and, red algae contain a large amount of carrageenans. These bioactive compounds may have several positive effects on health in livestock. In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, research has recently focused on finding natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. The present study thus summarizes research on the dietary integration of seaweeds in swine. In particular the influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities were considered. The review highlights that brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Data on the use of green seaweeds as a dietary supplementation seems to be lacking at present and merit further investigation.(Bacillariophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyceae) and golden algae (Chrysophyceae) are the most abundant but blue-green algae (Cyanophyceae) are also defined as microalgae [2]. The bioactive molecules of microalgae are used as food and feed supplements [3].Seaweeds are marine organisms and comprise thousands of species, which are classified on the basis of their pigmentation: brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae), red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) and green seaweeds (Chlorophyceae).There are around 1800 species of brown seaweeds include, only 1% of which are recognized from freshwater and the size range varies from 20 m to 30 cm long. The brown color of these algae is related to the main content of carotenoid fucoxanthin, which masks β-carotene, violaxanthin, diatoxanthin, and chlorophyll. The main polysaccharides are laminarin, fucoidans and alginates, and the cell walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid [4].Like brown seaweeds, red algae (about 6100 specie...

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“…The total polysaccharide content (% DM) is 29-67% in green algae (Chlorophyta), 10-59% in red algae (Rhodophita) and 10-75% in brown algae (Phaecophyta). [29].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prebiotic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Corino

Modina

Giancamillo

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…The GM, especially in its most distal parts, harbors many bacteria, archaea, protozoa and viruses, which along with their genetic material, is collectively referred to as the gut microbiome (GMB) [77]. This GM is composed of up to 12 different bacterial phyla of which more than 90% belong to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes [78], while the remaining phyla are much less constant and numerous [79]. The most frequent bacterial species in the colon, which is where the highest bacterial concentration exists [78], belong mainly to the families Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae [77].…”

Section: Effects Of Seaweed Polysaccharides On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review

et al. 2020

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Human gut microbiota plays an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases. Various dietary factors, including complex carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides, provide abundant nutrients and substrates for microbial metabolism in the gut, affecting the members and their functionality. Nowadays, the main sources of complex carbohydrates destined for human consumption are terrestrial plants. However, fresh water is an increasingly scarce commodity and world agricultural productivity is in a persistent decline, thus demanding the exploration of other sources of complex carbohydrates. As an interesting option, marine seaweeds show rapid growth and do not require arable land, fresh water or fertilizers. The present review offers an objective perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of seaweeds and their derived polysaccharides on the human microbiome and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Animal experiments and in vitro colonic-simulating trials investigating the effects of seaweed ingestion on human gut microbiota are discussed.

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“…Laminarioligosaccharides originate from laminarin, a mainly β-1,3-linked polymer found in brown seaweeds 28 . Related polymers are however also produced by many bacterial species, including curdlan, an insoluble polymer produced by Agrobacterium sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Taxogenomic assessment and genomic characterisation of Weissella cibaria strain 92 able to metabolise oligosaccharides derived from dietary fibres

Månberger

Verbrugghe

Guðmundsdóttir

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The importance of the gut microbiota in human health has led to an increased interest to study probiotic bacteria. Fermented food is a source of already established probiotics, but it also offers an opportunity to discover new taxa. Four strains of Weissella sp. isolated from Indian fermented food have been genome sequenced and classified into the species W. cibaria based on wholegenome phylogeny. The genome of W. cibaria strain 92, known to utilise xylooligosaccharides and produce lactate and acetate, was analysed to identify genes for oligosaccharide utilisation. Clusters including genes involved in transportation, hydrolysis and metabolism of xylooligosaccharides, arabinooligosaccharides and β-glucosides were identified. Growth on arabinobiose and laminaribiose was detected. A 6-phospho-β-glucosidase clustered with a phosphotransferase system was found upregulated during growth on laminaribiose, indicating a mechanism for laminaribiose utilisation. the genome of W. cibaria strain 92 harbours genes for utilising the phosphoketolase pathway for the production of both acetate and lactate from pentose and hexose sugars but lacks two genes necessary for utilising the pentose phosphate pathway. The ability of W. cibaria strain 92 to utilise several types of oligosaccharides derived from dietary fibres, and produce lactate and acetate makes it interesting as a probiotic candidate for further evaluation. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the human gut microbiota and how it is associated with health. The gut microbiota has been shown to be important for maintaining a healthy gut, for synthesis of vitamins, for proper immune function and for the metabolism 1. With increasing understanding of the gut microbiota, the possibility to improve health by modifying its composition increases. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administrated in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host 2. Mainly strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are considered as probiotic and widely distributed for human administration, e.g. directly in capsules or incorporated in food items, such as yoghurt and juices. Other claimed probiotics include strains belonging to Saccharomyces, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus and Escherichia 3. A few strains of commensal gut microbial bacteria associated with improved host functions have also been considered probiotic 2. Fermented food is an attractive source of new bacteria with potential probiotic properties 4. Expanding the research of probiotic bacteria into new strains, species and genera is important, both in order to disentangle the complex world of the gut microbiota and its effect on the host, but also to provide a proper cataloguing of probiotic taxa and perhaps, identify probiotic bacteria with novel beneficial properties.

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Marine Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review

Taxogenomic assessment and genomic characterisation of Weissella cibaria strain 92 able to metabolise oligosaccharides derived from dietary fibres

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