Marine Radioactivity Analysis

Povinec, P.; Eriksson, Mats; Scholten, Jan; Betti, Maria Grazia

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384873-4.00012-8

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 278 publications

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“…Two marine radioactivity databases were developed: one at the International Atomic Energy Agency's Environment Laboratories in Monaco (the GLOMARD/MARIS database; Povinec et al, 2004Povinec et al, , 2012b and the second one at the Meteorological Research Institute 5484 P. P. Povinec et al: Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters in Tsukuba (the HAM database; Aoyama and Hirose, 2004 Fig. 1.…”

Section: Cesium-137mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Radionuclide impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on the distribution of radionuclides in seawater of the NW Pacific Ocean is compared with global fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons. Surface and water column samples collected during the Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa (KOK) international expedition carried out in June 2011 were analyzed for 134Cs, 137Cs, 129I and 3H. The 137Cs, 129I and 3H levels in surface seawater offshore Fukushima varied between 0.002–3.5 Bq L−1, 0.01–0.8 μBq L−1, and 0.05–0.15 Bq L−1, respectively. At the sampling site about 40 km from the coast, where all three radionuclides were analyzed, the Fukushima impact on the levels of these three radionuclides represents an increase above the global fallout background by factors of about 1000, 50 and 3, respectively. The water column data indicate that the transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides downward to the depth of 300 m has already occurred. The observed 137Cs levels in surface waters and in the water column are compared with predictions obtained from the ocean general circulation model, which indicates that the Kuroshio Current acts as a southern boundary for the transport of the radionuclides, which have been transported from the Fukushima coast eastward in the NW Pacific Ocean. The 137Cs inventory in the water column is estimated to be about 2.2 PBq, what can be regarded as a lower limit of the direct liquid discharges into the sea as the seawater sampling was carried out only in the area from 34 to 37° N, and from 142 to 147° E. About 4.6 GBq of 129I was deposited in the NW Pacific Ocean, and 2.4–7 GBq of 129I was directly discharged as liquid wastes into the sea offshore Fukushima. The total amount of 3H released and deposited over the NW Pacific Ocean was estimated to be 0.1–0.5 PBq. These estimations depend, however, on the evaluation of the total 137Cs activities released as liquid wastes directly into the sea, which should improve when more data are available. Due to a suitable residence time in the ocean, Fukushima-derived radionuclides will provide useful tracers for isotope oceanography studies on the transport of water masses during the next decades in the NW Pacific Ocean.

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Section: Cesium-137mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method for 137 Cs analysis in seawater has been recently described in detail (Levy et al, 2011;Povinec et al, 2012b). Therefore, it will be only briefly mentioned here.…”

Section: Cesium-137 and 134 Cs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout

et al. 2013

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“…Simultaneously, the philosophy of sampling and laboratory measurements has changed, where appropriate, to in situ analysis of radionuclides in the air, on land, in water and in the sediment, thus enabling developments of concentration maps and/or time series on radionuclide distributions in the investigated environments [ 1 , 3 , 5 – 13 ]. This has been a complimentary detection method to a traditional sampling and laboratory analysis, which can have several advantages, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several motivations for new developments of laboratory-based ultra-sensitive radioanalytical techniques in nuclear and environmental studies: (i) Levels of anthropogenic radionuclides after over 60 years of their injection to the environment have decreased considerably [ 1 – 4 , 18 – 20 ]; (ii) Sample size required for radiometric analyses should be comparable to mass spectrometry analyses (e.g. in seawater profile sampling Rosette systems with 10–20 L bottles should be used instead of large 200 L (for 137 Cs) or 400 L (for Pu isotopes) sampling containers [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 21 – 26 ]; (iii) Highly accurate, precise and traceable data are required for environmental and climate change studies, which would require detection limits below 1 nBq/g [ 1 – 4 , 27 – 31 ]; (iv) New scientific ideas—such as investigations of rare nuclear processes and decays, investigations of cosmic dust, solar variations, supernova explosions, deep-sea bottom studies, DNA studies, environmental biotechnology, environmental nanotechnology, climate change studies, etc., have not been possible to realize till now as they have been requiring new ultra-sensitive radioanalytical technologies [ 32 – 38 ], with sensitivities good enough to analyse even very small samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ultra-sensitive radioanalytical technologies for new science

Povinec

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Recent developments in radiometric and mass spectrometry technologies have been associated in the radiometric sector mainly with underground operations of large volume Ge detectors, while the mass-spectrometry sector, represented mainly by accelerator mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has become the most sensitive technique for ultra-low-level analyses of long-lived radionuclides. These new developments have had great impact on investigations of rare nuclear processes and applications of radionuclides in environmental, life and space sciences. New scientific investigations have been carried out therefore which have not been possible before either because of lack of sensitivity or required large sample size.

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“…have been commonly used as sentinel organisms for determination of both radioactive and nonradioactive contaminants in coastal environments because of their ability to concentrate contaminants from sea water (Thébault et al, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2010Carvalho et al, , 2011Kılıç and Çotuk, 2011;Kılıç and Belivermis ß, 2013;Kılıç et al, 2014). Sediments generally are the fate and main reservoir of natural and artificial radionuclides and non-radioactive contaminants entering the marine environment and are used also as sample material to assess marine pollution levels (Bou-Rabee and Bern, 1997;Tsabaris et al, 2007;Saçan et al, 2010;Kılıç and Çotuk, 2011;Povinec et al, 2012;Aközcan, 2013;Kılıç and Belivermis ß, 2013). Furthermore, besides obvious transfer to sediment dwelling organisms such as worms and clams, through sediment resuspension sediment bound radionuclides can be taken up by filter feeding organisms in the water column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%