Marine spongin incorporation into Biosilicate® for tissue engineering applications: An in vivo study

Abstract

<jats:p> Biomaterials and bone grafts, with the ability of stimulating tissue growth and bone consolidation, have been emerging as very promising strategies to treat bone fractures. Despite its well-known positive effects of biosilicate (BS) on osteogenesis, its use as bone grafts in critical situations such as bone defects of high dimensions or in non-consolidated fractures may not be sufficient to stimulate tissue repair. Consequently, several approaches have been explored to improve the bioactivity of BS. A promising strategy to reach this aim is the inclusion of an organic part, such as collagen, in order to mimic bone structure. Thus, the present study investigated the biological effects of marine spongin (SPG)-enriched BS composites on the process of healing, using a critical experimental model of cranial bone defect in rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyzes were performed after two and six weeks of implantation to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair (supplemental material-graphical abstract). Histological analysis demonstrated that for both BS and BS/SPG, similar findings were observed, with signs of material degradation, the presence of granulation tissue along the defect area and newly formed bone into the area of the defect. Additionally, histomorphometry showed that the control group presented higher values for Ob.S/BS (%) and for N.Ob/T.Ar (mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) (six weeks post-surgery) compared to BS/SPG and higher values of N.Ob/T.Ar (mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) compared to BS (two weeks post-surgery). Moreover, BS showed higher values for OV/TV (%) compared to BS/SPG (six weeks post-surgery). Also, VEGF immunohistochemistry was increased for BS (two weeks post-surgery) and for BS/SPG (six weeks) compared to CG. TGFb immunostaining was higher for BS compared to CG. The results of this study demonstrated that the BS and BS/SPG scaffolds were biocompatible and able to support bone formation in a critical bone defect in rats. Moreover, an increased VEGF immunostaining was observed in BS/SPG. </jats:p>

Adsorption of Cationic Dyes on a Magnetic 3D Spongin Scaffold with Nano-Sized Fe3O4 Cores

“…The stretching vibrations of the N–H and CO groups of amide I (mainly the stretching vibrations of CO) and amide II (stretching of C–H and bending of N–H) cause relatively intense bands at 1630 cm −1 and 1520 cm −1 [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Furthermore, the amide III band extending from 1220 to 1300 cm −1 , which can be seen in the case of the spongin samples, is due to the phase combination of carbon–nitrogen bond stretching as well as N–H plane bending vibrations, considerably reducing the peptide bond (–CONH–) footprint in the spectrum of the organic/inorganic material [ 41 , 42 ]. Finally, the N–H band can be observed at 472 cm − 1 ( Figure 4 a), partially overlapping with the Fe–O band at 563 cm −1 ( Figure 4 b), leading to the lower wavenumbers of the N–H band at 461 cm −1 [ 15 , 26 ].…”

Association of marine Collagen/Biosilicate composites and photobiomodulation in the process of bone healing using an experimental model of calvarial defect

“…Biomaterials with different compositions and structure have been extensively studied for bone tissue engineering proposals. In this context, a composite material, including BS enriched with a newly marine Col was studied (Parisi et al, 2020).…”

Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research

“…A series of experiments revealed a positive effect of sponge collagen hydrolysates on damaged or photoaged skin [270]. In addition, a recent in vivo study using rats demonstrated biocompatibility and the ability to support bone formation of biocomposites generated from collagen, isolated from A. fulva, and biosilicate [271]. Finally, powdered collagenous sponge scaffold loaded with L-cysteine hydrochlorid proved to cause a positive effect on wound healing [272].…”

“…Furthermore, this structural protein is used for controlled drug release including antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline [270]. In another research, a potential of anticancer drug(s) loaded 3D printed patches from fish gelatin for anticancer treatment was demonstrated [271]. Due to its excellent absorption properties and the ability to resorb up to 56 days, fish collagen can be used to control wound blood bleeding [272].…”