Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. I. Application to workers exposed to mercury vapour.

Cárdenas, A. de Pablo; Roels, Harry; Bernard, Alfred; Barbon, R.; Buchet, Jean‐Pierre; Lauwerys, Robert; Roselló, J; Hotter, Georgina; Mutti, Antonio; Franchini, I

doi:10.1136/oem.50.1.17

Cited by 69 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Generally, transient immunologic changes may occur after exposure to mercuric chloride. Only one epidemiologic study has reported an elevation of anti-GBM however (3), and elevation is contradicted by several nonpositive investigations (4,(8)(9)(10)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Cross-sectional studies of workers during ongoing exposure to mercury vapor have shown an elevated activity of the kidney proximal tubular cell enzyme N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in urine (U-NAG) or associations between U-NAG and the mercury concentration in urine (U-Hg) (4,5,(7)(8)(9)(10). Increased U-NAG activity in chloralkali workers has been associated with exposure levels corresponding to U-Hg of about 5 nmol/ mmol creatinine (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

Efskind¹,

Ellingsen²,

Hartman³

et al. 2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

Efskind¹,

Ellingsen²,

Hartman³

et al. 2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Through the use of biomarkers of damage to various parts of the nephron, a pattern of damage is emerging that is consistently observed now both in U.S. and European studies of men occupationally exposed to cadmium (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) The lowest observed effect is indicated by a significant prevalence of abnormal 6-keto-prostaglandin Fla (6-keto-PGFi,a) and sialic acid levels in urine at an approximate urine cadmium concentration of 2.4 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine (2.4 pg Cd/g creatinine) (10). Proteins such as albumin and transferrin originate in the plasma and are filtered to a limited degree through the glomerulus, and the protein that is filtered is primarily reabsorbed by the tubules.…”

Section: Thresholds Of Effects: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these candidate markers are beginning to be examined in human studies. Excretion of fibronectin has been examined in relation to exposure to three heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), with no significant changes in excretion seen in the exposed groups (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Potential New Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Approaches for Detecting Thresholds of Human Nephrotoxicity Using Cadmium as an Example

Mueller¹,

Price²,

Finn³

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Damage to the kidneys is one of the primary toxic actions of metals. Nephrotoxic substances not only cause renal disease directly, but they can also destroy renal reserve capacity, potentially placing those people with additional risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and genetic predispositions, at greater risk. To detect nephrotoxicity in people at a stage where intervention can be effective, sensitive methods are needed. One of the major advantages of using sensitive biomarkers of renal damage is that people who may be particularly susceptible to renal damage can be identified early, at a reversible stage of damage, and the progression to end-stage renal disease may be halted or delayed. Various categories of tets can be used to detect effects of nephrotoxic subsances on the kidney. Through the use of biomarkers of damage to various parts of the nephron, U.S. and European studies have both shown a similar pattern of damage among men occupationally exposed to-cadmium. These studies indicate various thresholds of renal effects, which researchers suggest represent a cascade ofprogressively severe damage to the kidney. Research into new biomarkers of damage caused by exposure to nephrotoxic substances centers around mechanisms of cell death, induding necrosis and apoptosis; mechanisms of cell growth, regeneration, and proliferation, induding factors that control cell cle, influence gene expression, and modulate nudeic acid synthesis; and genetic factors that increase susceptibility to renal disease. Examples of types of candidate biomarkers indude cytokines, lipid mediators, growth factors, transcription factors and protooncogenes, extracellular matrix components (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), and cell adhesion molecules. Research into new categories of biomarkers may provide additional insights into the mechanisms of damage caused by nephrotoxins.

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Mercury

2023

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Mercury is a global pollutant that exists in three oxidation states: Hg 0 (metallic), Hg + (mercurous), and Hg 2+ (mercuric) mercury. In organometallic derivatives, such as methylmercury (CH 3 Hg + ), mercury is covalently bound to carbon. In its elemental form, mercury is a dense, silvery‐white, shiny metal, which is liquid at room temperature and boils at 357°C. At 20°C, the vapor pressure of the metal is 0.17 Pa (0.0013 mmHg), and a saturated atmosphere at this temperature contains a mercury concentration of 14 mg Hg/m 3 , which is more than 200 times the occupational exposure limit. Hg 0 residence in the atmosphere can be high (greater than a year). Mercury compounds differ greatly in their solubility, with metallic mercury being very sparingly soluble, and several salts, such as mercuric chloride, being soluble in water. Of relevance for its environmental fate, methylmercury interacts with nucleophilic groups (i.e. thiols) in aquatic organisms (mainly fish), being bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the aquatic food chain, which represents a major source of human exposure. Both Hg 2+ and methylmercury have strong affinity for thiol groups, in such a way that in the presence of living cells and dissolved organic matter, they will be found mainly bound to sulfide‐ or thiol‐containing molecules.

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Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. I. Application to workers exposed to mercury vapour.

Cited by 69 publications

References 46 publications

Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

New Approaches for Detecting Thresholds of Human Nephrotoxicity Using Cadmium as an Example

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