Markers of Early Specialization and Their Relationships With Burnout and Dropout in Swimming

Larson, Heather; Young, Bradley W.; McHugh, Tara-Leigh

doi:10.1123/jsep.2018-0305

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of 180 studies were subsequently omitted, leaving 8 studies eligible for the final analysis. 1,6,9,11,12,16,21,23 Details of the study selection process are presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although all of the studies included in this systematic review used athlete burnout as the outcome of measure, only 3 (37.5%) of the included studies compared ABQ results directly with specialization status of the athletes. 16,21,23 Other comparisons with athlete burnout included feelings of emotion, such as fear of failure, 9 perceived stress, 9 implicit attitude toward sport, 6 self-acceptance, 11 and enjoyment, 23 as well as personality traits, such as perfectionism 1,11 and intrinsic motivation. 1,21…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies have demonstrated an association between burnout and personality traits, such as perfectionism, 10 very little research has directly compared risk of burnout between adolescent specializers and nonspecializers (ie, samplers). 16,21 The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure burnout levels in sport-specializing adolescent athletes compared with sport-sampling adolescent athletes. Our hypothesis was that adolescent athletes who sport specialize would experience greater burnout symptoms than adolescent athletes who compete in multiple sports.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparing Burnout in Sport-Specializing Versus Sport-Sampling Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Giusti

Carder

Vopat

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The prevalence of adolescent athletes who specialize in sports has increased in recent years. Substantial literature on youth sports has linked early sport specialization to negative consequences, such as burnout and injury. However, empirical evidence directly comparing burnout rates in sport specialization versus sport sampling is very limited. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate psychological burnout in adolescent athletes who sport specialize compared with adolescent athletes who sport sample. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed through use of the PubMed, SportDiscus, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases (between inception and May 2019) according to PRISMA-IPD (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data) guidelines. Results from the 3 measures of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and athlete specialization status were recorded and analyzed. An athlete was determined to be a “sport specializer” if he or she met the following 3 criteria: (1) athletic participation limited to 1 sport, (2) which is competed in > 8 months in 1 year, and (3) to the exclusion of all other sports. Results: Of 3578 studies, 8 met criteria for final meta-analysis, which included 1429 athletes (mean age, 15.59 years; range, 12.5-17.2 years). Of these, 1371 (95.9%) were sport specializers, whereas 58 (4.1%) were sport samplers. A total of 1422 (99.5%) athletes completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Athletes who specialized reported higher levels of burnout than athletes who did not specialize. Specializers had a greater sense of reduced accomplishment (difference of means [△], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.08; P < .01). Specializers also reported greater exhaustion (△, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.68; P < .01) and sport devaluation (△, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.60; P < .01) than athletes who were samplers. Conclusion: Adolescent sport specialization was associated with greater levels of burnout in all 3 aspects (reduced sense of accomplishment, sport devaluation, and exhaustion) compared with sport sampling.

show abstract

“…A total of 180 studies were subsequently omitted, leaving 8 studies eligible for the final analysis. 1,6,9,11,12,16,21,23 Details of the study selection process are presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparing Burnout in Sport-Specializing Versus Sport-Sampling Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Giusti

Carder

Vopat

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ES is defined as intensive year-round training in a single sport at the exclusion of other sports. 63 In swimming, ES is common 64,65 and may have many negative effects, such as burnout or early dropout from sport. 63,66,67 Research suggests that youths should avoid ES as regular participation in multiple sports or activities enhances motor skill development, improves athletic capacity and increases the opportunity for a youth to discover the sport(s) that he/she enjoys and can possibly excel in.…”

Section: Rt Cross-training Activities and Risk Of Early Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Ultra-Short Race-Pace Training (USRPT) In Swimming: Current Perspectives</p>

Nugent¹,

Comyns²,

Kearney³

et al. 2019

OAJSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The last decade has seen a dramatic rise in sports science research due to the ever-increasing professionalization of sport. As a result, many alternative training methodologies that challenge traditional training philosophies have emerged. In the sport of swimming, ultra-short race-pace training (USRPT) was recently proposed. The aim of this article was to provide current perspectives on USRPT in competitive swimming. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of USRPT on performance in competitive swimmers. Of the 1347 studies retrieved, 1332 were excluded. The full-texts of 15 studies were assessed for eligibility. However, all 15 studies were excluded as the intervention did not consist of USRPT. Consequently, there are concerns surrounding USRPT as it is not currently based on peer-reviewed published literature. In addition, the recommendations within USRPT to avoid resistance training, cross-training activities, training intensities less than race-pace velocity and part practice swimming drills are highly controversial and lack scientific evidence. There is evidence to suggest that USRPT is a derivative of high-intensity training (HIT) and there is peer-reviewed published literature available to support the effects of HIT on performance in competitive swimmers. Swimming coaches and sports scientists are advised to consider the applications of USRPT with caution. The authors suggest that USRPT is a training method, which may be incorporated within a holistic periodized training program that includes a variety of training methods and stimuli. Future research should involve a randomized controlled intervention of USRPT in competitive swimmers.

show abstract

“…In order to determine the factors that could affect longterm progression, Larson et al (2019) concluded that early specialization was not positively related to burnout and dropout when analyzing the sporting background of 137 swimmers. Longitudinal studies such as this can indicate the likely speed of development and the methodical practice necessary to gain expertise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of World Championship Swimmers Using a Performance Progression Model

Yustres¹,

Cerro²,

González-Mohíno³

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: The primary aim was to create a performance progression model of elite competitors in the World Swimming Championships from 2006 to 2017 for all strokes and distances. Secondly, to identify the influence of annual ratios of progression, ages of peak performance and junior status on success in senior competitions. Methods: Data regarding the participants of senior and junior World Championships (WCs) between 2006 and 2017 were obtained from FINA. The final filtered database, after removing those swimmers who just participated in junior WCs, included 4076. Statistical models were used to examine differences between the top senior swimmers (the top 30% best performances; T30) and lower level swimmers (the bottom 70% performances; L70) for minimum age (MA), progress (P) and best junior time (BJ). In order to identify the variables that contribute to reach the T30 group, a logistic regression (LR), stepwise LR and decision tree were applied. To analyze the effect of each variable separately, a simple LR (gross odds ratio) was performed. Ratio probabilities (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each variable. Results: Swimmer's BJ and P were higher in the T30 group (p < 0.000). The decision tree showed the greatest explanatory capacity for BJ, followed by P. The MA had a very low explanatory capacity and was not significant in the LR. Conclusion: Swimmers with exceptional junior performance times, or have a high rate of progress are more likely to be successful at the senior WCs.

show abstract

Markers of Early Specialization and Their Relationships With Burnout and Dropout in Swimming

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Comparing Burnout in Sport-Specializing Versus Sport-Sampling Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Comparing Burnout in Sport-Specializing Versus Sport-Sampling Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

<p>Ultra-Short Race-Pace Training (USRPT) In Swimming: Current Perspectives</p>

Analysis of World Championship Swimmers Using a Performance Progression Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About