Markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in adults: Comparative analysis of DEXA-based body composition components and BMI categories

Lang, Pierre-Olivier; Trivalle, C.; Vogel, Thomas; Proust, Jacques; Papazian, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.03.010

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Abnormally low LM, as well as poor quality LM, similar to that observed in sarcopenic obesity, have been previously associated with metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, even in normal weight individuals [39,40]. However, as supported by results of the present study, obese individuals often have more LM associated with supporting a greater body mass [41]. All individuals in the present study had normal to above-average LM with five individuals above the 97 th percentile for LM relative to their height, age, gender, and race.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese adults

Hirsch

Smith‐Ryan

Blue

et al. 2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Traditional evaluations of metabolic health may overlook underlying dysfunction in individuals who show no signs of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic health in overweight and obese adults using traditional and non-traditional metabolic variables. A secondary purpose was to evaluate differences between overweight/obese and male/female cohorts, respectively. Methods Forty-nine overweight and obese adults (Mean ± SD; Age=35.0 ± 8.9 yrs; Body mass index=33.6 ± 5.2 kg·m−2; Percent body fat [%fat]=40.0 ± 7.3%) were characterized. Body composition (fat mass [FM], lean mass [LM], %fat) was calculated using a 4-compartment model; visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was quantified using B-mode ultrasound. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were evaluated using indirect calorimetry. Fasted blood and saliva samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TRG), glucose (GLUC), insulin, leptin, estradiol, and cortisol. Results The prevalence of individuals with two or more risk factors increased from 13% to 80% when non-traditional metabolic factors (list which factors) were considered in addition to traditional risk factors (GLUC, TRG, HDL). Between overweight and obese individuals, there were no significant differences in %fat (p=0.146), VAT (p=0.959), RER (p=0.493), blood lipids/GLUC (p>0.05), insulin (p=0.143), leptin (p=0.053), or cortisol (p=0.063); obese had higher FM, LM, RMR, and estradiol (p<0.001). Males had greater LM, RMR, and TRG (p<0.01); females had greater FM, %fat, HDL, and leptin (p<0.001). There were no significant sex differences in RER (p=0.638), estradiol (p=0.052), insulin (p=0.263), or cortisol (p=0.784). Conclusions Evaluating metabolic health beyond BMI and traditional cardio-metabolic risk factors can give significant insights into metabolic status. Due to high variability in metabolic health in overweight and obese adults and inherent sex differences, characterization based on body composition, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles can improve early identification and approaches to disease prevention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese adults

Hirsch

Smith‐Ryan

Blue

et al. 2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These three patterns were all characterized by high intake of foods generally considered to be healthy (vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and vegetable oils). The associations with a higher FFMI suggest that these dietary patterns can be beneficial for health in later life, as higher lean mass is associated with improved cardiovascular and metabolic health [13–15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many studies only used body mass index (BMI) as measure of obesity, whereas a higher fat mass is associated with poor cardiometabolic health [12] and a higher lean mass has been associated with improved cardiovascular and metabolic health [13–15]. This highlights the need for studies on dietary patterns in relation to specific body composition measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A priori and a posteriori dietary patterns at the age of 1 year and body composition at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary patterns have been linked to obesity in adults, however, not much is known about this association in early childhood. We examined associations of different types of dietary patterns in 1-year-old children with body composition at school age in 2026 children participating in a population-based cohort study. Dietary intake at the age of 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. At the children’s age of 6 years we measured their body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and we calculated body mass index, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Three dietary pattern approaches were used: (1) An a priori-defined diet quality score; (2) dietary patterns based on variation in food intake, derived from principal-component-analysis (PCA); and (3) dietary patterns based on variations in FMI and FFMI, derived with reduced-rank-regression (RRR). Both the a priori-defined diet score and a ‘Health-conscious’ PCA-pattern were characterized by a high intake of fruit, vegetables, grains, and vegetable oils, and, after adjustment for confounders, children with higher adherence to these patterns had a higher FFMI at 6 years [0.19 SD (95 % CI 0.08;0.30) per SD increase in diet score], but had no different FMI. One of the two RRR-patterns was also positively associated with FFMI and was characterized by intake of whole grains, pasta and rice, and vegetable oils. Our results suggest that different a priori- and a posteriori-derived health-conscious dietary patterns in early childhood are associated with a higher fat-free mass, but not with fat mass, in later childhood.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0179-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…32 Although data is lacking in children, lean muscle mass is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk in adults. 33 In light of increased risks due to HIV, sex, and decreased physical activity, school-based interventions targeting girls with HIV, and girls in general, to increase physical education and organized after-school physical activity participation may have an impact on increasing vigorous physical activity and reducing cardiovascular risk in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Vigorous Physical Activity in School-Aged Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Johannesburg, South Africa

Wong

Shiau

Yin

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To describe physical activity in South African children with and without HIV. Study design Study measurements were obtained in 218 children with perinatal HIV and 180 children without HIV aged 5–10 years in a study conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores, and frequency and duration of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior, were obtained. Measures were compared between children with and without HIV. Results WAZ and HAZ were significantly lower for children with HIV compared with those without HIV. Among children who attended school, less children with HIV participated in physical education (41 vs. 64%, p=0.0003) and organized after-school sports (38 vs. 64%, p<0.001) than children without HIV. The proportion of children in both groups meeting World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity was similar (84% overall). However, girls with HIV spent less time in vigorous physical activity than girls without HIV (420 vs. 780 minutes/week, p=0.001). This difference remained significant even when girls with medical conditions with potential to limit physical activity were excluded, and after adjusting for age. Time spent in sedentary behaviors did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion Although children with HIV with well-controlled disease after initiating antiretroviral therapy early in life achieve high levels of physical activity, vigorous physical activity is lower in girls with HIV than in healthy controls. This may reflect lower participation in school-based physical education and organized after-school physical activity.

show abstract

Markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in adults: Comparative analysis of DEXA-based body composition components and BMI categories

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese adults

Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese adults

A priori and a posteriori dietary patterns at the age of 1 year and body composition at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study

Decreased Vigorous Physical Activity in School-Aged Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Johannesburg, South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About