Marriage and divorce: patterns by gender, race, and educational attainment

Aughinbaugh, Alison; Robles, Omar; Sun, Hugette

doi:10.21916/mlr.2013.32

Cited by 91 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…All the primary control variables were selected a priori because of their potential associations with both marital status and cortisol (e.g., Aughinbaugh et al, 2013; Averett et al, 2008; Champaneri et al, 2013; Cohen et al, 2006; Van Cauter et al, 1996). The seven primary covariates were assessed at screening as part of a demographics questionnaire: age (years), sex (male or female), race (dichotomized as white or non-white due to the small number of non-black racial groups represented), and education (years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital status as a predictor of diurnal salivary cortisol levels and slopes in a community sample of healthy adults

Chin

Murphy

Janicki-Deverts

et al. 2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Married people tend to be healthier than both the previously (bereaved, divorced, and separated) and never married, but the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. To this end, research has increasingly focused on how psychological stress experienced by unmarried versus married individuals may differentially impact physiological systems related to health. One key system that is modulated by stress is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, of which cortisol is a key hormonal product. Increased cortisol production and disruption of cortisol’s daily rhythm have been linked to poorer health outcomes. This study examined the association between current marital status and these two indices of cortisol in a community sample of 572 healthy men and women aged 21–55. It also tested whether marriage buffers against the effect of stress (perceived stress by marital status interaction) on cortisol production. Participants provided salivary cortisol samples during waking hours on three nonconsecutive separate days to calculate diurnal cortisol levels and slopes. Married individuals had lower cortisol levels than either their never married or previously married counterparts. Differences in cortisol levels were due at least in part to currently married individuals having a more rapid decline in cortisol through the afternoon hours compared to individuals who were never married (but not those who were previously married). Furthermore, there was an interaction between perceived stress and marital status in predicting cortisol levels. Specifically, higher stress was associated with higher cortisol levels for previously married individuals but not for the married or never married. The results of this study support cortisol as one candidate mechanism accounting for the association of marital status and health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital status as a predictor of diurnal salivary cortisol levels and slopes in a community sample of healthy adults

Chin

Murphy

Janicki-Deverts

et al. 2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…African American and Hispanic individuals are less likely to marry than non-Hispanic whites. Among those who did marry, their first marriages are more likely to end in divorce and the proportion remarrying is lower than non-Hispanic white men and women (Aughinbaugh, Robles, and Sun 2013; Bulanda and Brown 2007). Insurance policies that aimed to provide safety nets during events associated with insurance loss (COBRA) and needs-based public insurance options that made insurance more accessible (Medicaid) did not completely mitigate the insurance consequences of socioeconomic differences.…”

Section: Background and Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage: Dynamics of Gaining and Losing Coverage Over the Life-Course

Sohn

2016

Popul Res Policy Rev

281

200

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Health insurance coverage varies substantially between racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, African Americans and people of Hispanic origin had persistently lower insurance coverage rates at all ages. This article describes age- and group-specific dynamics of insurance gain and loss that contribute to inequalities found in traditional cross-sectional studies. It uses the longitudinal 2008 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (N=114,345) to describe age-specific patterns of disparity prior to the Affordable Care Act (ACA). A formal decomposition on increment-decrement life-tables of insurance gain and loss shows that coverage disparities are predominately driven by minority groups’ greater propensity to lose the insurance that they already have. Uninsured African Americans were faster to gain insurance than non-Hispanic whites but their high rates of insurance loss more than negated this advantage. Disparities from greater rates of loss among minority groups emerge rapidly at the end of childhood and persist throughout adulthood. This is especially true for African Americans and Hispanics and their relative disadvantages again heighten in their 40s and 50s.

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“…Moreover, these statistics are significantly bifurcated by race. Compared to non-Hispanic (NH) whites in the United States, NH blacks are much less likely to ever marry and much more likely to be divorced, become widowed at a younger age, and spend overall less time married (Aughinbaugh, Robles, and Sun 2013; Bryant and Wickrama 2005; Kreider and Ellis 2011). Although the greater heterogeneity in marital experiences among US blacks has recently been linked to major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (see Green et al 2012), the extent to which marital life has a differential impact on health outcomes for whites and blacks remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Marital History, and Risks for Stroke in US Older Adults

Dupre

2016

Social Forces

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Stroke is among the leading causes of disability and death in the United States, and racial differences are greater for stroke than for all other major chronic diseases. Considering the equally sizeable racial disparities in marital life and associated risks across adulthood, the current study hypothesizes that black-white differences in marital history play an important role in the large racial inequalities in the incidence of stroke. The major objective are to (i) demonstrate how marital history is associated with the incidence of stroke, (ii) examine how marital factors mediate and/or moderate racial disparities in stroke, and (iii) examine the factors that may explain the associations. Using retrospective and prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 23,289), the results show that non-Hispanic (NH) blacks have significantly higher rates of marital instability, greater numbers of health-risk factors, and substantially higher rates of stroke compared with NH whites. Contrary to the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, findings from discrete-time-hazard models show that the effects of marital history are more pronounced for NH whites than for NH blacks. Risks for stroke were significantly higher in NH whites who were currently divorced, remarried, and widowed, as well as in those with a history of divorce or widowhood, compared with NH whites who were continuously married. In NH blacks, risks for stroke were elevated only in those who had either never married or had been widowed—with no significant risks attributable to divorce. The potential mechanisms underlying the associations are assessed, and the implications of the findings are discussed.

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Marriage and divorce: patterns by gender, race, and educational attainment

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Marital status as a predictor of diurnal salivary cortisol levels and slopes in a community sample of healthy adults

Marital status as a predictor of diurnal salivary cortisol levels and slopes in a community sample of healthy adults

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage: Dynamics of Gaining and Losing Coverage Over the Life-Course

Race, Marital History, and Risks for Stroke in US Older Adults

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