Marriage and Family Formation of the Second-Generation Afghans in Iran: Insights from a Qualitative Study

Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; Sadeghi, Rasoul; Mahmoudian, Hossein; Jamshidiha, Gholamreza

doi:10.1111/imre.12002

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, mass migration of Afghan refugees to Iran since the rise of Taliban could have also contributed to between-country HIV transmission where Afghan refugees might have exchanged the virus with Iranians. Afghans make up the largest group of foreign nationals in Iran [ 69 ]. Our results suggest most viral exchange episodes to have occurred between 2000 and 2005, which coincides with the influx of Afghan refugees in Iran [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal History of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Afghanistan and Iran

et al. 2016

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HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 35_AD (CRF35_AD) has an important position in the epidemiological profile of Afghanistan and Iran. Despite the presence of this clade in Afghanistan and Iran for over a decade, our understanding of its origin and dissemination patterns is limited. In this study, we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dispersion pattern of this clade using eligible CRF35_AD gag and pol sequences available in the Los Alamos HIV database (432 sequences available from Iran, 16 sequences available from Afghanistan, and a single CRF35_AD-like pol sequence available from USA). Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was implemented in BEAST v1.8.1. Between-country dispersion rates were tested with Bayesian stochastic search variable selection method and were considered significant where Bayes factor values were greater than three. The findings suggested that CRF35_AD sequences were genetically similar to parental sequences from Kenya and Uganda, and to a set of subtype A1 sequences available from Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. Our results also showed that across all phylogenies, Afghan and Iranian CRF35_AD sequences formed a monophyletic cluster (posterior clade credibility> 0.7). The divergence date of this cluster was estimated to be between 1990 and 1992. Within this cluster, a bidirectional dispersion of the virus was observed across Afghanistan and Iran. We could not clearly identify if Afghanistan or Iran first established or received this epidemic, as the root location of this cluster could not be robustly estimated. Three CRF35_AD sequences from Afghan refugees living in Pakistan nested among Afghan and Iranian CRF35_AD branches. However, the CRF35_AD-like sequence available from USA diverged independently from Kenyan subtype A1 sequences, suggesting it not to be a true CRF35_AD lineage. Potential factors contributing to viral exchange between Afghanistan and Iran could be injection drug networks and mass migration of Afghan refugees and labours to Iran, which calls for extensive preventive efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal History of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Afghanistan and Iran

et al. 2016

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“…The rise of the Taliban movement, the repressive rule of Taliban militants, and fighting between Taliban and opposition groups between 1994 and 2001 reinforced this wave of migration. With the fall of the Taliban at the end of 2001, forced migration halted, while economic migration (especially from young Afghan men) starting to increase after 2004 (Abbasi‐shavazi et al., : 830).…”

Section: Migration Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Educational achievements, occupational skills, and economic opportunities of second‐generation Afghans in Iran have inspired different values and aspirations for them. They have also been raised in an arguably more liberal social and religious environment, and exposed to values, attitudes and practices that are different from those of their parents (Abbasi‐Shavazi et al., : 829).…”

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confidence: 99%

Socio‐cultural Adaptation of Second‐generation Afghans in Iran

Shavazi

Sadeghi

2014

International Migration

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The long-term settlement of Afghan immigrants in Iran, along with their high fertility, has produced an important shift in the composition of their population with the emergence of a "second generation". This article aims to examine how second-generation Afghans have adapted to the host society and to what extent their adaptation patterns have correlated with demographic and contextual factors. The data is drawn from the 2010 Afghans Adaptation Survey which covered 520 second-generation Afghans. Results revealed that second-generation Afghans have a variety of adaptation patterns. Integration is the most prevalent pattern of adaptation and acculturation (which is observed among 35.8 per cent of respondents) followed by separation (33.3%), assimilation (17.1%) and marginalization (13.8%). Our multivariate analysis showed that such socio-demographic factors as gender, education, ethnicity, perceived discrimination, family context, neighbourhood characteristics, length and city of residence are associated with their adaptation patterns. POLICY IMPLICATIONS• Successful implementation of policies and durable solutions for Afghans in Iran rests on the diversity of the adaptation patterns of their second-generation.

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“…The vast majority of these new migrants who fled civil conflict, Taliban rule, and drought could only travel across the border and sought refuge in the neighbouring countries. However, the decrease of international funds after the end of the Cold War caused an increasingly restrictive attitude of Pakistan and Iran towards their Afghan refugee populations (Turton & Marsden, 2002;Blitz et al, 2005;Collins, 2011;Abbasi-Shavazi et al, 2012). A number of Afghans who did not want to return and who had the opportunity decided to move on to European countries (Turton & Marsden, 2002).…”

Section: 'Waves' Of Afghan Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio‐Economic Stratification

Houte

Siegel

Davids

2014

Population Space and Place

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This paper explores a new avenue of the hierarchisation of mobility amongst voluntary and involuntary return migrants to Afghanistan. We introduce the concept of multidimensional and multi‐local embeddedness as an analytical approach to the multi‐sited experience of migration, which merges transnationalism and integration into one analytical framework. Drawing on an in‐depth case study that focuses on the life histories of 35 Afghan returnees from European countries, we argue that socio‐economic differences that existed prior to migration are reinforced by the migration experience, which results in strongly differentiated patterns of multidimensional embeddedness and transnational mobility. These patterns reinforce previously existing socio‐economic stratification and restrict expectations of return migration and development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Marriage and Family Formation of the Second-Generation Afghans in Iran: Insights from a Qualitative Study

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Spatio-Temporal History of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Afghanistan and Iran

Spatio-Temporal History of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Afghanistan and Iran

Socio‐cultural Adaptation of Second‐generation Afghans in Iran

Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio‐Economic Stratification

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