Marriage and Involvement in Crime: A Consideration of Reciprocal Effects in a Nationally Representative Sample

Barnes, J. C.; Golden, Kristin; Mancini, Christina; Boutwell, Brian B.; Beaver, Kevin M.; Diamond, Brie

doi:10.1080/07418825.2011.641577

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For marital status, the percentages of offenders who are married or in a common-law relationship are substantially lower than those offenders who are single. This finding could be explained by the financial and social support and stability among couples and increased conformity when compared to single persons, which decreases the likelihood of offending [75]. The OLS regression results indicate that these individual variables exhibit different statistical relationships with different types of crime.…”

Section: Discussion Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Spatial and Social Patterning of Property and Violent Crime in Toronto Neighbourhoods: A Spatial-Quantitative Approach

Wang

Lee

Williams

2019

IJGI

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Criminal activities are often unevenly distributed over space. The literature shows that the occurrence of crime is frequently concentrated in particular neighbourhoods and is related to a variety of socioeconomic and crime opportunity factors. This study explores the broad patterning of property and violent crime among different socio-economic stratums and across space by examining the neighbourhood socioeconomic conditions and individual characteristics of offenders associated with crime in the city of Toronto, which consists of 140 neighbourhoods. Despite being the largest urban centre in Canada, with a fast-growing population, Toronto is under-studied in crime analysis from a spatial perspective. In this study, both property and violent crime data sets from the years 2014 to 2016 and census-based Ontario-Marginalisation index are analysed using spatial and quantitative methods. Spatial techniques such as Local Moran’s I are applied to analyse the spatial distribution of criminal activity while accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Distance-to-crime is measured to explore the spatial behaviour of criminal activity. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression is conducted to explore the ways in which individual and neighbourhood demographic characteristics relate to crime rates at the neighbourhood level. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is used to further our understanding of the spatially varying relationships between crime and the independent variables included in the OLS model. Property and violent crime across the three years of the study show a similar distribution of significant crime hot spots in the core, northwest, and east end of the city. The OLS model indicates offender-related demographics (i.e., age, marital status) to be a significant predictor of both types of crime, but in different ways. Neighbourhood contextual variables are measured by the four dimensions of the Ontario-Marginalisation Index. They are significantly associated with violent and property crime in different ways. The GWR is a more suitable model to explain the variations in observed property crime rates across different neighbourhoods. It also identifies spatial non-stationarity in relationships. The study provides implications for crime prevention and security through an enhanced understanding of crime patterns and factors. It points to the need for safe neighbourhoods, to be built not only by the law enforcement sector but by a wide range of social and economic sectors and services.

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Section: Discussion Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Spatial and Social Patterning of Property and Violent Crime in Toronto Neighbourhoods: A Spatial-Quantitative Approach

Wang

Lee

Williams

2019

IJGI

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“…Because second-generation immigrants have a higher base rate of offending compared with their first-generation peers, the larger marriage effect may be a function of the second generation having more criminal behavior from which to desist. Further, despite controlling for a number of factors that may influence one's propensity to offend and to marry, and using an analytic strategy that models within-individual change, the findings presented here may be influenced by selection bias; that is, individuals who are more likely to reduce their offending are also selectively more likely to marry (see, e.g., Barnes et al 2014;King and South 2011). 5 Sampson and Laub (1993) argue that marital quality is a key distinguishing feature leading to the growth of social bonds and subsequently, desistance from crime.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marriage and Offending: Examining the Significance of Marriage among the Children of Immigrants

Bersani

DiPietro

2016

The Sociological Quarterly

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Although research shows that involvement in crime varies across immigrant generations, less is known about why this is so. Using 13 waves of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data, we examine the influence of marriage-a key correlate of desistance from crime-to understand more fully patterns of offending across immigrant generations during the transition to adulthood. Results indicate a lower prevalence of offending among first-generation immigrants compared with their second-generation and third-plus-generation peers; however, among active offenders, rates of offending are similar across groups. Notably, marriage exerts a significantly stronger effect on offending for second-generation immigrants, suggesting that, while assimilation may be associated with more offending, it is also associated with a greater potency of marriage in promoting desistance from crime.

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“…For a male to accumulate a relatively high number of sexual partners in a short time suggests competition—fighting and wrangling with other men—although the same outcome could be achieved with little to no violence. Further, a growing body of research suggests that, rather than marriage and monogamous unions affecting violence, the relationship may also work the other way around, with crime and antisocial behavior affecting union formation and stability (Barnes et al, 2014; Bersani and Doherty, 2013; Lyngstad and Skardhamar, 2013). Unfortunately, detailed information on specific relationships was limited to a small sample of sexual partners, making it difficult to discern why some of the men became monogamous while others did not.…”

Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Competition–Violence Hypothesis: Sex, Marriage, and Male Aggression

Seffrin

2016

Justice Quarterly

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Sexually active men, who are not in a monogamous relationship, may be at a greater risk for violence than men who are sexually active within monogamous relationships and men who are not sexually active. The current study examines changes in sexual behavior and violence in adolescence to early adulthood. Data on male (n = 4,597) and female (n = 5,523) respondents were drawn from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health). HLM regression models indicate that men who transition to a monogamous, or less competitive, mode of sexual behavior (fewer partners since last wave), reduce their risk for violence. The same results were not replicated for females. Further, results were not accounted for by marital status or other more readily accepted explanations of violence. Findings suggest that competition for sex be further examined as a potential cause of male violence.

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Marriage and Involvement in Crime: A Consideration of Reciprocal Effects in a Nationally Representative Sample

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

The Spatial and Social Patterning of Property and Violent Crime in Toronto Neighbourhoods: A Spatial-Quantitative Approach

The Spatial and Social Patterning of Property and Violent Crime in Toronto Neighbourhoods: A Spatial-Quantitative Approach

Marriage and Offending: Examining the Significance of Marriage among the Children of Immigrants

The Competition–Violence Hypothesis: Sex, Marriage, and Male Aggression

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