Marriage Postponement in Iran: Accounting for Socio‐economic and Cultural Change in Time and Space

Torabi, Fatemeh; Baschieri, Angela; Clarke, Lynda; Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal

doi:10.1002/psp.1710

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…According to the international reports, the average age of marriage in Iran was 19 years in 1956, which has now increased to 24 years old (World Bank 2010). In addition, more than 70% of our participants experienced pregnancy within the first 5 years of marriage, which is similar to the usual delay of 4 years for pregnancy after marriage in Iran (Torabi et al 2013). These data suggest that the pattern of pregnancy has changed over time in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health

et al. 2017

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Assessing spirituality in healthy pregnant women may lead to supportive interventions that will improve their care. A psychometrically valid measure such as the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) may be helpful in this regard. The current study sought to adapt a Persian version of DSES for use in pregnancy. A total of 377 pregnant women were recruited from three general hospitals located in Tehran, Iran. Administered scales were the DSES, Duke University Religion Index, Santa Faith scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, as well as demographic measures.Reliability of the DSES was tested using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest stability. Scale validity was assessed by criterion-related tests, known-groups comparison, and exploratory factor analysis. Participant's mean age was 27.7 (4.1), and most were nulliparous (70%). The correlation coefficient between individual items on the scale and the total score was greater than 0.30 in most cases. Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.90. The ICC for 2-week test-retest reliability was high (0.86). Relationships between similar and dissimilar scales indicated acceptable convergent and divergent validity. The factor structure of the scale indicated a single factor that explained 59% of the variance. The DSES was found to be a reliable and valid measure of spirituality in pregnant Iranian women. This scale may be used to examine the relationship between spirituality and health outcomes, research that may lead to supportive interventions in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health

et al. 2017

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“…reported that between 1980s and 2000s, the mean age of marriage increased in Iranian women by 3 years because of socioeconomic changes. [ 17 ] This pattern has been also found in younger cohorts of women. Rahimi et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The growth trend of never-married elderly population in Iran in the third millennium

Hamedanchi

Momtaz

Khankeh

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: Statistics show that the age of the Iranian population is advancing, and the marriage age is increasing as well. Clearly, an increase in the number of never-married older adults is expected. The aim of this descriptive, analytical study was to determine the growth trend of never-married older population and its association with education level in Iran. Methods: Based on the raw data collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, we studied the population of never-married older adults in the past 25 years and evaluated the growth pattern in different parts of Iran, using ArcGIS software. We also examined the association of singlehood in late life with education in men and women residing in rural and urban areas, using the Chi-square test in SPSS version 22. Results: A sharp increase was observed in the population of never-married older adults, particularly women, in the past 10 years. Women with formal education from urban and rural areas were more likely to be never married in late life (χ 2 = 10455.35, P < 0.001 and χ 2 = 271.31, P < 0.001, respectively). Older men with formal education from urban areas were more likely to be never married (χ 2 = 35.44, P < 0.001), while men with formal education from rural areas were less likely to be never married (χ 2 = 179.13, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The rate of increase in the population of never-married older women was much higher than the overall growth of older population. Women with formal education, particularly those with university and pre-university degrees, were more likely to be single in late life. It is strongly suggested to determine the causes and process of singlehood in old age in future research, including qualitative studies.

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“…Changing employment patterns are not alone in reshaping marriage. Lengthening formal education is associated with changing marriage patterns in many societies (Shapiro & Gebreselassie, 2014;Torabi et al, 2013). Yet this is not available to all.…”

Section: Thematic and Conceptual Approaches To The Geographies Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“My happiest time” or “my saddest time”? The spatial and generational construction of marriage among youth in rural Malawi and Lesotho

Ansell

Hajdú

Blerk

et al. 2017

Trans Inst British Geog

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Marriage among African teenagers is currently a central focus of campaigns by UN agencies and international NGOs. Yet marriage has received only limited attention from geographers and has largely escaped the attention of geographers of youth. In this paper we explore the relational geographies of age that underlie young people's motivations for, and experiences of, marriage in two rural African settings with differing marriage practices: matrilocal southern Malawi and patrilocal Lesotho. We draw on participatory research activities and life history interviews conducted with 80 people aged between 10 and 24 years old. While the young people's attitudes and experiences were varied and complex, starkly different accounts emerged from the two settings. In particular, young women in Lesotho offered very negative assessments of marriage, while those in Malawi were very much more positive. Through these examples, we highlight how young people's marriage choices and experiences are relationally produced. Decisions about whether, when and whom to marry reflect socially entrenched expectations concerning generational allocations of resources, labour and responsibilities, which intersect with contemporary social and economic processes including poverty, unemployment, land scarcity and AIDS. Experiences of marriage, too, are produced through practices that are spatially structured and contextually situated in relation to socio-economic conditions. Thus marriage, as a "vital conjuncture" in young people's lives, plays a key role in the relational construction of individual lifecourses and in (re)constructing relationships of age, gender and, especially, generation.

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Marriage Postponement in Iran: Accounting for Socio‐economic and Cultural Change in Time and Space

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health

Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health

The growth trend of never-married elderly population in Iran in the third millennium

“My happiest time” or “my saddest time”? The spatial and generational construction of marriage among youth in rural Malawi and Lesotho

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