Marrubium vulgare L.: A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects

Abstract

Marrubium vulgare L. (family: Lamiaceae), also known as the white horehound, is widely used as an herbal remedy for chronic coughs and colds. It is used in various disorders related to skin, liver, gastric, heart, and immune system. This review abridges phytochemical, pharmacological studies, and medicinal uses of M. vulgare and provides scientific proof for various ethnobotanical claims to identify gaps, which will give impulsion for novel research on M. vulgare based herbal medicines. This review summarizes selected scientific evidence on phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of M. vulgare over the past 48 years . Works related to M. vulgare was reviewed from various sources such as books, internet source, i.e., Google Search engine, PubMed, and Science Direct, and chemical abstract. The exhaustive literature was studied, and critical analysis was performed according to their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of M. vulgare have been reported the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and volatile oils (0.05%). The aerial parts contain marrubiin, together with ursolic acid and choline. Pharmacological activities such as antinociceptive, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and antihepatotoxic activity have been reported. M. vulgare has therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, liver disorders, pain, cardiovascular, gastric, and diabetic conditions. Aerial parts of M. vulgare is a good source of labdane type diterpene especially marrubiin which is present in high concentrations. However, further scientific studies are needed to explore clinical efficacy, toxicity and to explore the therapeutic effect of major secondary metabolites such as diterpenes, phenylpropanoid, and phenylethanoid glycosides of M. vulgare.

In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Marrubium vulgare L. methanol extract

“…They were evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity of this exract on Human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116 cell line). Extract was significantly (P<0.05) suppressed cell growth of HTC-116 at concentration of 250 μg/mL [25,26]. Eventhough, GBM is one of the mostly diagnosed and lethal cancers all around the world, relatively, there is no study investigating anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects of M. vulgare on different GBM cell lines especially hard to treat with standard TMZ therapy.…”

Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity of Algerian Marrubium vulgare leaf and stem extracts

“…Marrubium vulgare is cultivated worldwide as a source of food flavor and for medicinal purposes 3 . Several active compounds were isolated from Marrubium vulgare including marrubiin 4 , Premarrubiin 5 , Marrubenol 6 , 11-oxomarrubiin 5 , Marrubiol 7 , Vulgarol 8 , Sclareol 9 , Peregrinin 10 , 12(S)-hydroxymarrubiin 5 and 3-deoxo-15-methoxyvelutine C 10 . These metabolites including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids were identified from different parts of M. vulgare 11 .…”

Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics of Phytochemicals Derived from Saudi Medicinal Plants to Identify Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics

“…Fumaria prrviflora [14] Guiera senegalensis [15] Haplophyllum tuberculum [16] Solanum surattense [17] Phenol and Polyphenols 2,4-Bis (1-phenylethyl) phenol, rosmarinic acid, chlonergic acid, methyl gallate Jatropha curas [4] Mrrrubium vulgare [18] Ricinus communis [19] Indigofera caerulea [20] Steroids Withanolide A, dinoxin B, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, stigmasta-7,25-diene-3β-ol, calonysterone Daturia innoxi [21] Jatropha curas [4] Senna [22]…”