Mars Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (MALIS): Influence of Mars Atmosphere on Plasma Emission and Study of Factors Influencing Plasma Emission with the Use of Doehlert Designs

radioactive, high temperature, toxic materials) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], industry [26][27][28][29][30][31], architecture, medical (noninvasive study of human teeth and hair, diagnosis of cancer tissue, DNA analysis) [32][33][34][35][36][37], military and civil security (detection of explosive material and biological weapons) [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Most of these applications are investigated under the condition of earth's atmosphere (i.e., at 760 Torr in air atmosphere) in order to determine the selected material compositions. Nevertheless, interest in LIBS in other ambient gases with various circumstances has been grown because of its practical application. It should be mentioned that nowadays wide applications of gas effects in space exploration (such as utilizing LIBS for investigating specific conditions on Venus and Mars) [4,44,45] are studied. For instance, in scope of gas pressure, the high-pressure environment serves to replicate the conditions of a nuclear reactor or simulate some planet environments [46]. At the opposite, reduced gas pressures or vacuum is applied for determination of isotope ratios [47][48][49], synthesis of nanoparticles and thin films.Different research groups [50][51][52][53][54][55] have investigated the quantitative analysis of plasma parameters and spectral line properties in LIBS technique by considering the influences of gas conditions. For instance, Effenberger et al. [56] have properly presented a review of applications of different gas effects in LIBS experiment. They have comprehensively mentioned the results of various groups about the effects of atmosphere compositions and gas pressures (higher and lower than 760 Torr) on plasma parameters and spectral line characteristics. Dawood et al. [57] have investigated the effects of gas nature and its pressure on temporal distribution of aluminum plasma. They have explained that both plasma temperature and electron density grow with ambient gas pressure. In addition, they have shown that argon provides the highest temperature and plasma density, helium provides the lowest one, and nitrogen produces Abstract In this paper, the influences of He ambient gas on aluminum emissions are investigated by experimental analysis of LIBS spectrum. Plasma is produced by focusing of a Nd:YAG laser pulse at a wavelength of 1064 nm on Al standard samples. In this work, the effects of helium atmosphere at different pressures on the amount of spectral self-absorption are studied. The results are discussed by utilizing two approaches: the curve of growth and calibration curve. It is seen that by increasing the gas pressure, the self-absorption enhances. Also, a new method of applying one standard sample instead of other traditional techniques is introduced for concentration prediction. The presented method would be helpful for the situation in which supplying standard samples is not very easy. Then, the accuracy of this new method can be checked by comparison of concentration prediction of the standard samples with their real concentrations.

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“…It should be noted that these results are qualitatively consistent with the predictions of Refs. [80,81].…”

Section: Results Of Analysis With Calibration Curve Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Rezaei

Tavassoli

2015

Appl. Phys. B

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“…Currently there are numerous applications for LPPs in a wide variety of fields, including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [1][2][3][4], pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) [5,6], distinguishing of explosives [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], environmental science [14][15][16], production of classical and novel materials [17][18], cultural heritage monitoring [19] or space exploration [20][21][22]. Beyond traditional applications of LIBS, where inorganic materials are mainly studied for analytical purposes, recent progresses in LIBS lead to analysis of organic and biological samples for detection of chemical and biological warfare agent materials [23][24][25][26][27][28], animal tissues studies [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], identification of bacteria [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time- and space-resolved spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced swine muscle tissue plasma

Camacho

Díaz

Martínez-Ramírez

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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The spatial-temporal evolution of muscle tissue sample plasma induced by a high-power transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO 2 pulsed laser at vacuum conditions (0.1-0.01 Pa) has been investigated using high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and imaging methods.The induced plasma shows mainly electronically excited neutral Na, K, C, Mg, H, Ca, N and O Plasma parameters such as electron density and temperature were measured from the spatiotemporal analysis of different species. Average velocities of some plasma species were estimated.

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“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in the technique, and studies have determined some of the characteristics and capabilities of the method [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. LIBS uses high-power laser pulses ( z 1 GW/cm 2 ) focused on a target to obtain a plasma which emits light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Mars surface analysis: capabilities at stand-off distances and detection of chlorine and sulfur elements

Sallé

Lacour

Vors

et al. 2004

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

169

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Mars Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (MALIS): Influence of Mars Atmosphere on Plasma Emission and Study of Factors Influencing Plasma Emission with the Use of Doehlert Designs

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Time- and space-resolved spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced swine muscle tissue plasma

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Mars surface analysis: capabilities at stand-off distances and detection of chlorine and sulfur elements

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