Mars Colonization: Beyond Getting There

Levchenko, Igor; Xu, Shuyan; Mazouffre, S.; Keidar, Michael; Bazaka, Kateryna

doi:10.1002/gch2.201800062

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While manned orbital and automatic interplanetary probe technologies still dominate and play the most significant role in the present‐day space exploration efforts, human exploration missions of the Moon and Mars will likely remain as a strong focus of the near‐future space activities. Realization of these ambitious missions relies on our ability to address some specific material issues related to the Moon and Mars human exploration and colonization . Over the last several decades, significant progress in our technical capabilities to move sizable payloads and even small numbers of humans to distant outposts have been attained through dedicated research and development efforts by both government‐funded space organizations, e.g., NASA, and private enterprises, e.g., Mars One.…”

Section: Remote Horizons: Materials Challenges For Moon and Mars Explomentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Next‐Generation Spacecraft

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spacecraft are expected to traverse enormous distances over long periods of time without an opportunity for maintenance, re‐fueling, or repair, and, for interplanetary probes, no on‐board crew to actively control the spacecraft configuration or flight path. Nevertheless, space technology has reached the stage when mining of space resources, space travel, and even colonization of other celestial bodies such as Mars and the Moon are being seriously considered. These ambitious aims call for spacecraft capable of self‐controlled, self‐adapting, and self‐healing behavior. It is a tough challenge to address using traditional materials and approaches for their assembly. True interplanetary advances may only be attained using novel self‐assembled and self‐healing materials, which would allow for realization of next‐generation spacecraft, where the concepts of adaptation and healing are at the core of every level of spacecraft design. Herein, recent achievements are captured and future directions in materials‐driven development of space technology outlined.

show abstract

Section: Remote Horizons: Materials Challenges For Moon and Mars Explomentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Next‐Generation Spacecraft

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because it is impossible to overcome these two limitations before the first astronauts are sent to Mars, the full panorama of challenges cannot be predicted. 7…”

Section: The Challenges Of Space For Human Life and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Human Enhancement in Space a Moral Duty? Missions to Mars, Advanced AI and Genome Editing in Space

Szocik¹

2019

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Any space program involving long-term human missions will have to cope with serious risks to human health and life. Because currently available countermeasures are insufficient in the long term, there is a need for new, more radical solutions. One possibility is a program of human enhancement for future deep space mission astronauts. This paper discusses the challenges for long-term human missions of a space environment, opening the possibility of serious consideration of human enhancement and a fully automated space exploration, based on highly advanced AI. The author argues that for such projects, there are strong reasons to consider human enhancement, including gene editing of germ line and somatic cells, as a moral duty.

show abstract

“…The assessment of the radioresistance of microorganisms makes it possible to estimate the potential duration of their cryopreservation in a viable state on various space objects, and, therefore, to select promising space bodies and their regions, as well as rocks and depths for sampling during space missions in order to study the potential habitability of these space bodies [ 6 , 9 ]. The concept of radioresistance of terrestrial microorganisms also makes it possible to interpret the data obtained during space missions from the perspective of potential habitability of alien bodies in the past and to correct existing plans for colonization of extraterrestrial territories [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Radiation Intensity, Mineral Matrix, and Pre-Irradiation on the Bacterial Resistance to Gamma Irradiation under Low Temperature Conditions

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionizing radiation is one of the main factors limiting the survival of microorganisms in extraterrestrial conditions. The survivability of microorganisms under irradiation depends significantly on the conditions, in which the irradiation occurs. In particular, temperature, pressure, oxygen and water concentrations are of great influence. However, the influence of factors such as the radiation intensity (in low-temperature conditions) and the type of mineral matrix, in which microorganisms are located, has been practically unstudied. It has been shown that the radioresistance of bacteria can increase after their exposure to sublethal doses and subsequent repair of damage under favorable conditions, however, such studies are also few and the influence of other factors of extraterrestrial space (temperature, pressure) was not studied in them. The viability of bacteria Arthrobacter polychromogenes, Kocuria rosea and Xanthomonas sp. after irradiation with gamma radiation at a dose of 1 kGy under conditions of low pressure (1 Torr) and low temperature (−50 °C) at different radiation intensities (4 vs. 0.8 kGy/h) with immobilization of bacteria on various mineral matrices (montmorillonite vs. analogue of lunar dust) has been studied. Native, previously non-irradiated strains, and strains that were previously irradiated with gamma radiation and subjected to 10 passages of cultivation on solid media were irradiated. The number of survived cells was determined by culturing on a solid medium. It has been shown that the radioresistance of bacteria depends significantly on the type of mineral matrix, on which they are immobilized, wherein montmorillonite contributes to an increased survivability in comparison with a silicate matrix. Survivability of the studied bacteria was found to increase with decreasing radiation intensity, despite the impossibility of active reparation processes under experimental conditions. Considering the low intensity of radiation on various space objects in comparison with radiobiological experiments, this suggests a longer preservation of the viable microorganisms outside the Earth than is commonly believed. An increase in bacterial radioresistance was revealed even after one cycle of irradiation of the strains and their subsequent cultivation under favourable conditions. This indicates the possibility of hypothetical microorganisms on Mars increasing their radioresistance.

show abstract

Mars Colonization: Beyond Getting There

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Advanced Materials for Next‐Generation Spacecraft

Advanced Materials for Next‐Generation Spacecraft

Is Human Enhancement in Space a Moral Duty? Missions to Mars, Advanced AI and Genome Editing in Space

Effects of Radiation Intensity, Mineral Matrix, and Pre-Irradiation on the Bacterial Resistance to Gamma Irradiation under Low Temperature Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About