Marsilea crenata ethanol extract prevents monosodium glutamate adverse effects on the serum levels of reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and testis histology in male rats

Abstract

Background and Aim: Marsilea crenata is an aquatic plant that contains high antioxidants level and could prevent cell damages caused by free radicals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of M. crenata ethanol extract on luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, sperm quality, and testis histology of adult male rats induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Materials and Methods: This study randomly divided 48 male rats into eight groups (n=6): control group; MSG group (4 mg/g body weight [b.w.] for 30 days); MS1, MS2, and MS3 groups (4 mg/g b.w. MSG and M. crenata ethanol extract at dose 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days); and S1, S2, and S3 groups (M. crenata ethanol extract at dose of 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days). The blood sample was collected on days 0 and 30 to determine the LH and testosterone levels. The animals were dissected on day 30, and the testes were isolated for morphometric, histology (spermatogenic cell number), and malondialdehyde (MDA) examination. Moreover, semen was collected to determine the sperm quality parameter. Results: The LH and testosterone levels significantly increased (p<0.05) after M. crenata administration at all doses. The higher dose of M. crenata ethanol extract demonstrated a high decrease in MDA level in MSG-treated rat testis; increase of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells number; and increase of seminiferous tubular diameter and germinal epithelium thickness. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of M. crenata can improve the levels of LH, testosterone, sperm quality, number of testis morphometric, spermatogenic, and Leydig cells in MSG-treated male rats.

Disruptive consequences of monosodium glutamate on male reproductive function: A review

“…Several laboratory studies had reported that plants suggested to have high flavonoids and with high antioxidant properties decreases the reactive oxygen species reportedly generated from the consumption of MSG. A study had recently reported that the high antioxidant level and the active compound contained in some plants can improve the negative effect of MSG in male reproductive functions ( Rahayu et al, 2021 ). Khaled et al ( Khaled et al, 2016 ) examine the protective effect of propolis on MSG-induced reproductive toxicity and suggested that propolis can be effective in the protection of MSG-induced reproductive toxicity.…”

Effect of Curcumin (Curcuma xanthorriza) and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Ethanol Extract on Improvement of Mice Sperm Quality Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate

“…Subsequently, a stain containing 1% Eosin and 5% Negrosin was added. The percentage of spermatozoa viability and abnormalities were observed under a light microscope at a magnification of 400x, following the formula [1] :…”

“…Recommended MSG consumption for Asian countries ranges from 1.2 to 1.7 g daily. However, MSG consumption in Indonesia has increased to 4.32 g per day [1]. This increase in MSG consumption can trigger physiological disturbances in the body, particularly within the reproductive system.…”

Protective Effect of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) Rhizome Extract on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Mice Sperm

“…Abd [39] found that 14 days of MSG treatment at a dose of 4 mg/g BW could produce up to 62% increase in spermatozoa abnormalities. MSG also causes an abnormal sperm number from 27.97% to 37.83% [40]. Excess glutamate in the body enhances intracellular Ca 2+ levels in mitochondria, disrupting mitochondrial ATP synthesis and increasing ROS concentrations [41].…”