Martensitic transformation due to plastic deformation and magnetic properties in SUS 304 stainless steel

Takahashi, Seiki; Echigoya, J.; Ueda, T; Li, Xingguo; Hatafuku, H.

doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00757-3

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A martensitic transformation of the FCC matrix can operate via two mechanisms; the first is via quenching of the c matrix to temperatures below the martensitic start temperature, M S , which is related to the carbon content of the material, during which the metastable c phase is converted to smaller crystalline units, of BCT phase, via diffusionless transformation. [13,17] The second mechanism by which martensitic transformation can occur, is strain-induced, as demonstrated in transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, where the retained austenite is transformed into martensite during plastic deformation of the austenite matrix. [13] Because the transformation is strain-assisted, the energy required for appreciable martensitic transformation is reduced, and therefore the temperature at which martensitic transformation occurs is no longer restricted to temperatures below the material's M s temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cooper

Bell

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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With near-net shape technology becoming a more desirable route toward component manufacture due to its ability to reduce machining time and associated costs, it is important to demonstrate that components fabricated via Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) are able to perform to similar standards as those set by equivalent forged materials. This paper describes the results of a series of Charpy tests from HIP'd and forged 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steel, and assesses the differences in toughness values observed. The pre-test and post-test microstructures were examined to develop an understanding of the underlying reasons for the differences observed. The as-received microstructure of HIP'd material was found to contain micro-pores, which was not observed in the forged material. In tested specimens, martensite was detectable within close proximity to the fracture surface of Charpy specimens tested at 77 K (À196°C), and not detected in locations remote from the fracture surface, nor was martensite observed in specimens tested at ambient temperatures. The results suggest that the observed changes in the Charpy toughness are most likely to arise due to differences in as-received microstructures of HIP'd vs forged stainless steel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cooper

Bell

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…It is well know that, only α ′ structure contributes to ferromagnetic part, due to straininduced γ→α ′ transformation of austenitic steels at RT and above [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In order to evaluate the amount of α ′ , the saturation magnetization (M s ) was obtained from the plots in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that due to strain-induced deformation, the austenite crystal structure (fcc, γ) of stainless steel, which is paramagnetic at RT, is transformed to ferromagnetic martensite (bct, α ′ ) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This transformation can be related to deterioration of the material property for the safe operation of steel-based plants, because it can lead to cracks due to the hard and brittle nature of martensite phase, and associated micro-structural changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transformation can be related to deterioration of the material property for the safe operation of steel-based plants, because it can lead to cracks due to the hard and brittle nature of martensite phase, and associated micro-structural changes. Assessing the degradation of stainless steel by nondestructive magnetic method is of current interest [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] because magnetic properties are very sensitive to the changes in microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies on γ→α ′ have been carried out using 304 austenitic steel by various deformations like compression [4], rolling reduction [5,13,14] and tensile testing [3,7,9,15]. The γ→α ′ was found to be accomplished relatively easily in 304 grades of stainless steel owing to its composition, especially when lower amounts of Ni (<10 wt.%) and/ or higher amounts of Cr (>18 wt.%) are present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Martensitic transformation in SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel at RT

et al. 2008

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The results of high-accuracy magnetic measurements on SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel compressively deformed at room-temperature (RT) are reported here. Even after the mild-deformation of ∼25% true-strain (ε t ), the ferromagnetic phase (α ′ -martensite) could be clearly observed which increased sharply on further deformation. The amount of α ′ was very small (0.18 vol.% at ε t ≈ 60%) when compared to the reported data for other grades of austenitic steels such as 304, 304L, 316 and 316L.The strain-induced α ′ -martensite is further studied by the magnetic hysteresis loops. The coercivity (H C ) and remanence (M r ) were analyzed by subtracting the paramagnetic contribution of the bulk austenite structure. While H C was found to decrease with α ′ , M r remained same (∼67 emu/g) when normalized to the volume fraction of α ′ . The decreasing H C with increasing α ′ and/ or ε t is presumed to be due to the domain wall pinning at the grain boundaries when the cluster size exceeds the domain wall width.

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Correlative Analysis of Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of Dual‐Phase High‐Carbon Steel

Sarmadi,

Pahlevani,

Udayakumar

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The microstructural phases in steel influence the magnetic moments due to different alignments and arrangements of the atoms in the crystal lattice. This study is based on the relationship of the microstructural phases with saturation magnetization (MS), a characteristic magnetic property of a phase in a material. Understanding the changes in microstructural phases during steel processing is paramount for different industries to fulfill the desired mechanical properties of the grade. The current research investigates the microstructural phases and magnetic properties of industrial‐grade high‐carbon steel under compressive and controlled‐thermal deformation to obtain a dual‐phase steel microstructure, i.e., retained austenite and martensite. High‐carbon steel samples are subjected to compression and heat treatments, resulting in different variations of dual‐phase structure. The sample microstructure is characterised using optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopic analyses, and their phases are quantified using X‐ray diffraction, complemented by electron back‐scatter diffraction techniques. An empirical relationship between the microstructural phases of steel and the magnetic characteristics is derived based on the magnetic measurements determined using a SQUID magnetometer. The correlation statistically holds good for high‐carbon steels. This relationship between the volume of transformation of retained austenite (VRA) to martensite (VM) and the magnetic properties is successful in investigating the possibility of a non‐destructive method for evaluating dual‐phase low‐alloyed high‐carbon steels.

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Martensitic transformation due to plastic deformation and magnetic properties in SUS 304 stainless steel

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Martensitic transformation in SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel at RT

Correlative Analysis of Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of Dual‐Phase High‐Carbon Steel

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