¿Más o menos desiguales? Una revisión sobre la desigualdad de los ingresos a nivel global, regional y nacional

Amarante, Verónica; Colacce, Maira

doi:10.18356/1d244513-es

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Also noteworthy is the prominent role played by the educational and occupational status of families and the material household resources in Bulgaria-being a country where inequality has been rising during the last decade (Peshev, 2015;Hallert, 2020). The same phenomenon is also observed in Mexico which, despite being the country with the lowest inequality in Latin America, is still affected by this problem (Amarante and Colacce, 2018). Finally, the great importance that these household material resources and the occupational status of families have in Serbia-as well as the students' expectations about their employment-should be highlighted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Defining the profile of students with low academic achievement: A cross-country analysis through PISA 2018 data

2022

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The explanation of underachievement and the search for its associated factors have been of constant interest in educational research. In this regard, the number of variables that have been involved in its description and explanation has increased over the years, as has the number of studies at an international level on this topic. Although much research has focused on identifying the personal, family, and school aspects that exert the greatest influence on students’ low academic performance, the literature shows the need to study the differential effects of said variables according to the countries in which the studies are conducted. The objective of this article is therefore to analyse cross-national differences in the effect of personal, family, and school characteristics on students’ academic underachievement based on data derived from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018. Furthermore, it aims to identify the profile that characterises students with the lowest academic performance and to estimate the importance of the selected variables in explaining low achievement across countries. To reach these goals, the multivariate technique of decision trees through the binary CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm was used, allowing the estimation of both a global model and nine specific models for each of the selected countries. The results show that, despite slight differences between the countries analysed, the variables that define the general profile of students with the lowest achievement and which have shown the strongest predictive capacity for low performance are mainly linked to the students themselves. These variables are followed in importance by family aspects, which present great differences between the territories that compose the sample. Finally, teacher and school variables have shown to have a low explanatory capacity in this study. It can therefore be concluded that, although personal characteristics continue to be those that best explain academic performance, a series of contextual variables, especially related to families, appear to influence academic achievement differentially and may even hide or cancel out certain personal characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Defining the profile of students with low academic achievement: A cross-country analysis through PISA 2018 data

2022

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“…Por ejemplo, las ru -que critican las desigualdades socioeconómicas-pueden facilitar la llegada al poder de gobiernos con proyectos redistributivos, como ocurrió en el caso de Chile con la llegada de Gabriel Boric el 2021. años, han aparecido teorías que explican las ru como resultado de la desigualdad socioeconómica (Chase-Dunn & Nagy, 2022). Sin embargo, las ru han arreciado en América Latina a pesar de la modesta disminución del índice de Gini en la mayoría de los países (Amarante & Colacce, 2018). Países comparativamente igualitarios tuvieron ru, como Uruguay en 2002 y Costa Rica en 2018.…”

Section: Relevancia Y Enigmas De Las Revueltas Urbanasunclassified

Revoltas urbanas na América Latina: revisão da literatura e proposta conceitual

Somma,

Cavieres,

Medel

2024

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En América Latina las revueltas urbanas son cada vez más frecuentes y tienen importantes consecuencias. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones existentes se basan en estudios de caso, lo cual impide obtener generalizaciones sobre sus causas, dinámicas y consecuencias. En este artículo discutimos la literatura sobre revueltas urbanas en América Latina y proponemos un marco conceptual para estudiarlas. Definimos las revueltas urbanas con base en cuatro atributos, las distinguimos de otras formas de política contenciosa y presentamos proposiciones sobre su desarrollo y dinámicas. Hipotetizamos que las revueltas urbanas son más probables cuando los sectores urbanos y populares no han sido completamente incluidos política, económica y culturalmente; cuando existen lazos débiles e inorgánicos entre élites políticas y ciudadanía; y cuando los sectores populares están débilmente articulados en asociaciones conectadas horizontalmente. Sin embargo, el momento y dinámica de las revueltas dependen de los factores precipitantes, las respuestas gubernamentales y las condiciones para la difusión de las protestas.

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“…18, núm. 1, pp.113-38, ISSN: -2333 Escala de cohesión social a nivel de municipios: análisis psicométrico social, lo que es difícil de observar en los países con grandes y persistentes desigualdades sociales, pobrezas y exclusiones sociales (Willkinson, 2005;Uribe 2009;Amarante y Colacce, 2018).…”

Section: Antecedentes De La Cohesión Socialunclassified

“…Chile se encuentra en una de las regiones más desiguales del mundo, y además es uno de los países más desiguales de América Latina (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos [ocde], 2015; Amarante & Colacce, 2018;Picketty, 2019). Esta realidad permite tener una mayor compresión del proceso de fractura social que se evidencia, con mayor fuerza, con el Estallido Social de octubre del año 2019, y que devela el malestar, producto de las desigualdades percibidas y la desconfianza instalada, con la consiguiente interpelación que la ciudadanía realiza a la autoridad, principalmente política (Aravena & Baeza, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Escala De Cohesión Social a Nivel De Municipios en Chile: Análisis Psicométrico

Cid

Quijada²,

Sanhueza³

et al. 2022

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Background: Social cohesion concept and its association with others social phenomena have received a renewed interest from academic view also public politics, however, the measurement of social cohesion concept is complex. Our objective was to evaluate psychometric proprieties of a scale to measure social cohesion at municipality level in Chile. Method: Validity, reliability and dimensionality were analyzed. The analysis had two steps: first, we applied an exploratory factor analysis (efa) with 310 participants; second, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (afc) with 784 participants. Participants came from different municipalities of region of Bío-Bío in Chile. Results: The efa showed a poor fit to the theoretical dimensions, detecting second order factors and independent factors. fca found six final factors, two of them were second order level: «Sense of responsibility and collaboration towards the neighborhood/municipality» (ω = 0.92); «Sense of reciprocity of support and trust with close people» (ω = 0.90). The other four independent factors were: «Support received by social organizations» (ω = 0.87); «Trust in work of the authorities» (ω = 0.73), «Experiences of discrimination» (ω = 0.83), «Sense of Tolerance» (ω = 0.92). Discussion: the results confirm the multidimensionality of social cohesion concept. This instrument works as an inventory of scales that account for this construct and it is useful to analyses from a non-normative perspective of social cohesion.Recibido 17 de septiembre de 2020 y aceptado 20 de noviembre de 2021 INTRODUCCIÓNChile se encuentra en una de las regiones más desiguales del mundo, y además es uno de los países más desiguales de América Latina (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos [ocde], 2015; Amarante & Colacce, 2018;Picketty, 2019). Esta realidad permite tener una mayor compresión del proceso de fractura social que se evidencia, con mayor fuerza, con el Estallido Social de octubre del año 2019, y que devela el malestar, producto de las desigualdades percibidas y la desconfianza instalada, con la consiguiente interpelación que la ciudadanía realiza a la autoridad, principalmente política (Aravena & Baeza, 2015). Es en este contexto, mundial y nacional, donde la cohesión social, entendida a grandes rasgos como los vínculos que

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¿Más o menos desiguales? Una revisión sobre la desigualdad de los ingresos a nivel global, regional y nacional

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Defining the profile of students with low academic achievement: A cross-country analysis through PISA 2018 data

Defining the profile of students with low academic achievement: A cross-country analysis through PISA 2018 data

Revoltas urbanas na América Latina: revisão da literatura e proposta conceitual

Escala De Cohesión Social a Nivel De Municipios en Chile: Análisis Psicométrico

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