“…Similar research related to child DV exposure with gender, sexuality, or heteronormativity as a focus, and its impact on youth or advocates has not been conducted. However, there is research in these areas with adolescent and adult men and women that informs the present study (Connell, 1995(Connell, , 1998de Lauretis, 1987;Gilligan, 1982Gilligan, /1993Kimmel, 1996;Messerschmidt, 2000aMesserschmidt, , 2000bPetersen, 1998;Phillips, 2005Phillips, , 2006Phillips, , 2007. Research from critical masculinities studies has begun to examine male gender, masculine performativity, and the pressure on boys to "take up" culturally normative masculinity practices as strategies to meet commonly accepted definitions of what it means to be a normal male (Messerschmidt, 2000a(Messerschmidt, , 2000bPhillips, 2005Phillips, , 2007).…”