Mass and Mass-Energy Equation from Classical Mechanics Solution.

Zheng-Johansson, J. X.; Johansson, Pär I.

doi:10.4006/1.3028859

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(6) is a prediction of the Planck energy equation for the electromagnetic radiation associated with the ε q here, and hence the mass m of the resulting IED particle to be specified below. The total energy ε qn quantisation given in (6) is the result of confinement of the minute extensive charge in the vacuum potential well at the scale b v ∼ 10 −18 m. The thermal motion of the IED particle is on the other hand executed across a distance A which contains (tremendously) many vacuuon spacings, A >> b v . Thermal energy quantisation will be in question only when the IED particle is confined at a scale A, and this will not considered in this paper.…”

Section: Vacuum Potential Energy Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If attributing the wave oscillations as the internal motions of the wave trains, the total wave motion thus reduces to the rectilinear motion, at the speed of light c, of a total wave train as a rigid object, of a finite inertial mass m ′′ (which reflects the resistivity against the motion of the wave train in the bulk vacuum continuum), and linear momentum p ′′ = ε ′′ /c = k, with k = ω/c. The same ε ′′ is thus now given [2,4,6] as the kinetic energy, ε k = 1 2 m ′′ c 2 , of the wave train plus an elastic potential energy equal to ε k , whence ε ′′ = 2 × ε ′′ k = m ′′ c 2 ; m ′′ is thus also the relativistic mass of the IED particle (see e.g. [4]).…”

Section: Vacuum Potential Energy Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Pair Productions

Zheng-Johansson¹

2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The two only species of isolatable, smallest, or unit charges +e and −e present in nature will interact with a polarisable dielectric vacuum through two uniquely defined vacuum potential energy functions. All of the non-composite subatomic particles containing one-unit charges, +e or −e, in terms of the IED model are therefore generated by the unite charges of either sign, of zero rest masses, oscillating in either of the two unique vacuum potential fields. In this paper we give a first principles treatment of the dynamics of a specified charge q in a dielectric vacuum. Based on the solutions for the charge, combined with previous solutions for the radiation fields, we derive the vacuum potential energy function for the specified charge, which is quadratic and consists of quantised potential energy levels. This therefore gives rise to sharply defined charge oscillation frequencies and accordingly sharply-defined masses of the IED particles. By further combining with relevant experimental properties as input information, we determine the IED particles built from the charges +e and −e at their first excited states in the respective vacuum potential wells, togather with their radiation electromagntic waves, to be the proton and the electron, the observationally two only stable (permanently lived) and "free" particles containing one-unit charges. The formation conditions for their antiparticles as produced in pair productions can be accordingly determined. The characteristics of formation conditions of all of the other more energetic non-composite subatomic particles can also be recognised. We finally discuss the energy condition for pair production, which requires two successive energy supplies to (1) first disintegrate the bound pair of vaculeon charges +e, −e composing a vacuuon of the vacuum and (2) impart masses to the disintegrated charges.Part A published at: 2012 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 343 012135

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Section: Vacuum Potential Energy Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vacuum Potential Energy Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Pair Productions

Zheng-Johansson¹

2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Based on overall experimental observations as input information the author recently developed an internally electrodynamic (IED) particle model [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] (earlier termed a basic particle formation scheme) which briefly states: A single-charged material particle, like the electron, proton, etc., is constituted of (i) an oscillatory point charge q of a characteristic frequency Ω and zero rest-mass, and (ii) the electromagnetic waves generated by the charge and propagated between the charge and reflecting boundaries (Fig.1a). The waves will be subject to a Doppler effect if the oscillatory charge as a whole, the source, is in motion; q is an electric charge in the usual electromagnetic sense and thus obeys the basic laws of electrodynamics; the total energy of the oscillatory charge or equivalently of the electromagnetic waves is associated with a (dynamical) inertial mass obeying the usual laws of mechanics.…”

Section: The Ied Particle Model: the Direct Experimental Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It suffices to represent the IED wave process [1][2][3][4][5][6] with the usual electromagnetic fields governed by laws (b)-(c). Although, a physical construction of the vacuum is compelling for addressing issues like the origin of mass (e.g.…”

Section: The Ied Particle Model: the Direct Experimental Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Internally electrodynamic particle model: Its experimental basis and its predictions

Zheng-Johansson¹

2010

Phys. Atom. Nuclei

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The internally electrodynamic (IED) particle model was derived based on overall experimental observations, with the IED process itself being built directly on three experimental facts that, a) electric charges present with all material particles, b) an accelerated charge generates electromagnetic waves according to Maxwell's equations and the Planck energy Open questions. The need for a comprehensive particle modelIt is well established today that all material particles exhibit a dual wave and particle property, hence described as matter waves, and their motions at quantum scale are governed by the Schrödinger, or alternatively the Heisenberg, and the Dirac equations in the respective velocity regimes. We are also faced today with a range of open questions regarding particles in the realm of fundamental physics. What is waving with the matter wave (ψ) which also dually manifests as a particle? How does a particle interfere with itself say in a double-slit? How is an electromagnetic wave on absorption converted to a portion or the whole of the mass or energy of a particle, and conversely on emission? What is the origin of mass? Why do masses attract one another? How does the gravity enter quantum wave equation? And so forth.The ultimate answers to the questions inevitably are intimately interconnected. For example, one can not have answered what is waving without answering at the same time how mass enters

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“…In recent years, many scholars have studied and put forward a rich new ideas about the derivation, explanation, solution, and the expansion of applications focusing on the quantum dynamic equations [11][12][13][14]. However, how the Schrodinger equation is established is still a mystery, and still a suspense about constructing the axiomatic system of quantum mechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Deriving Quantum Dynamic Equations from Classical Mechanics

Ma¹

2017

AJPA

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Abstract:Based on the operator theories and Hamiltonian canonical equation, an operator based quantum dynamics equation is established, which has the same effect as the Hamiltonian equation in describing the state evolution of quantized dynamical systems. As the reasonable verification of this equation, Schrodinger equation can be derived theoretically, and the variational principle properties of quantum mechanics are revealed. This work will help to promote the development of quantum theory and to perfect the axiomatic system of quantum mechanics.

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Mass and Mass-Energy Equation from Classical Mechanics Solution.

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Pair Productions

Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Pair Productions

Internally electrodynamic particle model: Its experimental basis and its predictions

A Method for Deriving Quantum Dynamic Equations from Classical Mechanics

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