Mass Balance and Performance Analysis of Potassium Hydroxide Activated Carbon

Hilton, Ramsey; Bick, P.; Tekeei, Ali; Leimkuehler, E.; Pfeifer, Peter; Suppes, Galen J.

doi:10.1021/ie301293t

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The aPRS KOH shows the typical sponge-like structure which was observed by Shan et al during the activation of bacterial cellulose as well [ 41 ]. Generally during KOH activation, K 2 CO 3 is known to form and further decompose to CO 2 and metallic K at a temperature higher than 700 °C [ 42 , 43 ]. Due to the CO 2 formation during this chemical progress the formation of pores inside the carbon network takes place.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the CO 2 formation during this chemical progress the formation of pores inside the carbon network takes place. Furthermore, the metallic K intercalates into the carbon matrix, leading to layer separation, which results in a micropore formation and high surface area [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. On the other hand, the aRS H3PO4 in SEM indicates no macropores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

et al. 2020

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Fe-N-C materials are promising non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells and batteries. However, during the synthesis of these materials less active Fe-containing nanoparticles are formed in many cases which lead to a decrease in electrochemical activity and stability. In this study, we reveal the significant properties of the carbon support required for the successful incorporation of Fe-N-related active sites. The impact of two carbon blacks and two activated biomass-based carbons on the Fe-N-C synthesis is investigated and crucial support properties are identified. Carbon supports having low portions of amorphous carbon, moderate surface areas (>800 m2/g) and mesopores result in the successful incorporation of Fe and N on an atomic level and improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. A low surface area and especially amorphous parts of the carbon promote the formation of metallic iron species covered by a graphitic layer. In contrast, highly microporous systems with amorphous carbon provoke the formation of less active iron carbides and carbon nanotubes. Overall, a phosphoric acid activated biomass is revealed as novel and sustainable carbon support for the formation of Fe-Nx sites. Overall, this study provides valuable and significant information for the future development of novel and sustainable carbon supports for Fe-N-C catalysts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

et al. 2020

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“…In the process of carbonization, KOH is believed to play an important role in the formation of high porosity. At elevated temperatures, KOH can react with carbon to produce K 2 CO 3 , elemental potassium, and hydrogen . The emission of hydrogen promotes the formation of abundant micropores; meanwhile, K 2 CO 3 and elemental potassium can be washed away by diluted hydrochloric acid, which leads to the formation of additional pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐doped porous carbons for CO₂ capture: Rational choice of N‐containing polymer with high phenyl density as precursor

et al. 2016

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) N-doped porous carbons (NPCs) are highly promising for CO 2 capture, but their preparation is severely hindered by two factors, namely, the high cost of N-containing polymer precursors and the low yield of carbon products. Here we report for the first time the fabrication of NPCs through the rational choice of the polymer NUT-4, with low cost and high phenyl density, as precursor. For the material NPC-600 obtained from carbonization at 6008C, the yield is as high as 52.1%. The adsorption capacity of CO 2 on NPC-600 reaches 6.9 mmol/g at 273 K and 1 bar, which is obviously higher than that on the benchmarks, including 13X zeolite (4.1 mmol/g) and activated carbon (2.8 mmol/g), as well as most reported carbon materials. Our results also demonstrate that the present NPCs can be completely regenerated under mild conditions. The abundant microporosity and "CO 2 -philic" (N-doped) sites are responsible for the adsorption performance.

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“…The activated carbon of Figure is an ultra‐high surface area carbon, the Amberlyte and Amberlyst are liquid chromatography resin beads, and the steel and copolymer are presented as substantially inert solids. Both solid‐phase surface area and ionic site density benefit the ability of solid materials in the separator to reduce ion‐ohmic overpotentials.…”

Section: Impact Of Solid Matrices On Ion Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection battery—modeling, insight, and review

Gordon

Suppes

2013

AIChE Journal

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Porous electrode theory was used to model performance of the convection battery using lithium iron-phosphate chemistry. The model results and underlying equations were able to quantify and extend previous interpretations of laboratory validation studies. These analyses substantiated the following conclusions on the performance of the convection battery: (a) flow in the convection battery can reduce concentration overpotentials by 99.9%, (b) both the ionic and electron conductivities of solid phases can have a major impact on convection battery performance, and (c) the solid-phase ionic conductivity of a porous separator is an important design parameter and is not considered by porous electrode theory as published to date. In view of the ability of the convection battery to overcome both bulk diffusion and liquid-phase effective conductivity limitations; the convection battery has an unprecedented potential to redefine the performance of large batteries.

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Mass Balance and Performance Analysis of Potassium Hydroxide Activated Carbon

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

N‐doped porous carbons for CO₂ capture: Rational choice of N‐containing polymer with high phenyl density as precursor

Convection battery—modeling, insight, and review

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Mass Balance and Performance Analysis of Potassium Hydroxide Activated Carbon

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

N‐doped porous carbons for CO2 capture: Rational choice of N‐containing polymer with high phenyl density as precursor

Convection battery—modeling, insight, and review

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Product

Resources

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N‐doped porous carbons for CO₂ capture: Rational choice of N‐containing polymer with high phenyl density as precursor